<!DOCTYPE html>
<!-- Generated by pkgdown: do not edit by hand --><html lang="en">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Performance benefit by using compiled model definitions in mkin • mkin</title>
<!-- jquery --><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js" integrity="sha256-FgpCb/KJQlLNfOu91ta32o/NMZxltwRo8QtmkMRdAu8=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><!-- Bootstrap --><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha256-916EbMg70RQy9LHiGkXzG8hSg9EdNy97GazNG/aiY1w=" crossorigin="anonymous">
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha256-U5ZEeKfGNOja007MMD3YBI0A3OSZOQbeG6z2f2Y0hu8=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><!-- Font Awesome icons --><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" integrity="sha256-eZrrJcwDc/3uDhsdt61sL2oOBY362qM3lon1gyExkL0=" crossorigin="anonymous">
<!-- clipboard.js --><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/clipboard.js/2.0.4/clipboard.min.js" integrity="sha256-FiZwavyI2V6+EXO1U+xzLG3IKldpiTFf3153ea9zikQ=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><!-- sticky kit --><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/sticky-kit/1.1.3/sticky-kit.min.js" integrity="sha256-c4Rlo1ZozqTPE2RLuvbusY3+SU1pQaJC0TjuhygMipw=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><!-- pkgdown --><link href="../../pkgdown.css" rel="stylesheet">
<script src="../../pkgdown.js"></script><meta property="og:title" content="Performance benefit by using compiled model definitions in mkin">
<meta property="og:description" content="">
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary">
<!-- mathjax --><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.5/MathJax.js" integrity="sha256-nvJJv9wWKEm88qvoQl9ekL2J+k/RWIsaSScxxlsrv8k=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.5/config/TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML.js" integrity="sha256-84DKXVJXs0/F8OTMzX4UR909+jtl4G7SPypPavF+GfA=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/html5shiv/3.7.3/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/respond/1.4.2/respond.min.js"></script>
<![endif]-->
</head>
<body>
<div class="container template-article">
<header><div class="navbar navbar-default navbar-fixed-top" role="navigation">
<div class="container">
<div class="navbar-header">
<button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbar" aria-expanded="false">
<span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
</button>
<span class="navbar-brand">
<a class="navbar-link" href="../../index.html">mkin</a>
<span class="version label label-default" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Released version">0.9.49.5</span>
</span>
</div>
<div id="navbar" class="navbar-collapse collapse">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li>
<a href="../../reference/index.html">Functions and data</a>
</li>
<li class="dropdown">
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-expanded="false">
Articles
<span class="caret"></span>
</a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu">
<li>
<a href="../../articles/mkin.html">Introduction to mkin</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../articles/FOCUS_D.html">Example evaluation of FOCUS Example Dataset D</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../articles/FOCUS_L.html">Example evaluation of FOCUS Laboratory Data L1 to L3</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../articles/web_only/FOCUS_Z.html">Example evaluation of FOCUS Example Dataset Z</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../articles/web_only/compiled_models.html">Performance benefit by using compiled model definitions in mkin</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../articles/twa.html">Calculation of time weighted average concentrations with mkin</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../articles/web_only/NAFTA_examples.html">Example evaluation of NAFTA SOP Attachment examples</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../news/index.html">News</a>
</li>
</ul>
<ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right"></ul>
</div>
<!--/.nav-collapse -->
</div>
<!--/.container -->
</div>
<!--/.navbar -->
</header><div class="row">
<div class="col-md-9 contents">
<div class="page-header toc-ignore">
<h1>Performance benefit by using compiled model definitions in mkin</h1>
<h4 class="author">Johannes Ranke</h4>
<h4 class="date">2019-07-04</h4>
<div class="hidden name"><code>compiled_models.Rmd</code></div>
</div>
<div id="model-that-can-also-be-solved-with-eigenvalues" class="section level2">
<h2 class="hasAnchor">
<a href="#model-that-can-also-be-solved-with-eigenvalues" class="anchor"></a>Model that can also be solved with Eigenvalues</h2>
<p>This evaluation is taken from the example section of mkinfit. When using an mkin version equal to or greater than 0.9-36 and a C compiler (gcc) is available, you will see a message that the model is being compiled from autogenerated C code when defining a model using mkinmod. The <code><a href="../../reference/mkinmod.html">mkinmod()</a></code> function checks for presence of the gcc compiler using</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb1"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-1" title="1"><span class="kw"><a href="https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/base/topics/Sys.which">Sys.which</a></span>(<span class="st">"gcc"</span>)</a></code></pre></div>
<pre><code>## gcc
## "/usr/bin/gcc"</code></pre>
<p>First, we build a simple degradation model for a parent compound with one metabolite.</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb3"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-1" title="1"><span class="kw"><a href="https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/base/topics/library">library</a></span>(<span class="st">"mkin"</span>, <span class="dt">quietly =</span> <span class="ot">TRUE</span>)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-2" title="2">SFO_SFO <-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw"><a href="../../reference/mkinmod.html">mkinmod</a></span>(</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-3" title="3"> <span class="dt">parent =</span> <span class="kw"><a href="../../reference/mkinsub.html">mkinsub</a></span>(<span class="st">"SFO"</span>, <span class="st">"m1"</span>),</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-4" title="4"> <span class="dt">m1 =</span> <span class="kw"><a href="../../reference/mkinsub.html">mkinsub</a></span>(<span class="st">"SFO"</span>))</a></code></pre></div>
<pre><code>## Successfully compiled differential equation model from auto-generated C code.</code></pre>
<p>We can compare the performance of the Eigenvalue based solution against the compiled version and the R implementation of the differential equations using the benchmark package.</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb5"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb5-1" title="1"><span class="cf">if</span> (<span class="kw"><a href="https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/base/topics/library">require</a></span>(rbenchmark)) {</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb5-2" title="2"> b<span class="fl">.1</span> <-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw"><a href="https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/rbenchmark/topics/benchmark">benchmark</a></span>(</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb5-3" title="3"> <span class="st">"deSolve, not compiled"</span> =<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw"><a href="../../reference/mkinfit.html">mkinfit</a></span>(SFO_SFO, FOCUS_<span class="dv">2006</span>_D,</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb5-4" title="4"> <span class="dt">solution_type =</span> <span class="st">"deSolve"</span>,</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb5-5" title="5"> <span class="dt">use_compiled =</span> <span class="ot">FALSE</span>, <span class="dt">quiet =</span> <span class="ot">TRUE</span>),</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb5-6" title="6"> <span class="st">"Eigenvalue based"</span> =<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw"><a href="../../reference/mkinfit.html">mkinfit</a></span>(SFO_SFO, FOCUS_<span class="dv">2006</span>_D,</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb5-7" title="7"> <span class="dt">solution_type =</span> <span class="st">"eigen"</span>, <span class="dt">quiet =</span> <span class="ot">TRUE</span>),</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb5-8" title="8"> <span class="st">"deSolve, compiled"</span> =<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw"><a href="../../reference/mkinfit.html">mkinfit</a></span>(SFO_SFO, FOCUS_<span class="dv">2006</span>_D,</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb5-9" title="9"> <span class="dt">solution_type =</span> <span class="st">"deSolve"</span>, <span class="dt">quiet =</span> <span class="ot">TRUE</span>),</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb5-10" title="10"> <span class="dt">replications =</span> <span class="dv">3</span>)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb5-11" title="11"> <span class="kw"><a href="https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/base/topics/print">print</a></span>(b<span class="fl">.1</span>)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb5-12" title="12"> factor_SFO_SFO <-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw"><a href="https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/base/topics/Round">round</a></span>(b<span class="fl">.1</span>[<span class="st">"1"</span>, <span class="st">"relative"</span>])</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb5-13" title="13">} <span class="cf">else</span> {</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb5-14" title="14"> factor_SFO_SFO <-<span class="st"> </span><span class="ot">NA</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb5-15" title="15"> <span class="kw"><a href="https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/base/topics/print">print</a></span>(<span class="st">"R package rbenchmark is not available"</span>)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb5-16" title="16">}</a></code></pre></div>
<pre><code>## Lade nötiges Paket: rbenchmark</code></pre>
<pre><code>## Warning in mkinfit(SFO_SFO, FOCUS_2006_D, solution_type = "deSolve",
## use_compiled = FALSE, : Observations with value of zero were removed from
## the data</code></pre>
<pre><code>## Warning in mkinfit(SFO_SFO, FOCUS_2006_D, solution_type = "eigen", quiet =
## TRUE): Observations with value of zero were removed from the data</code></pre>
<pre><code>## Warning in mkinfit(SFO_SFO, FOCUS_2006_D, solution_type = "deSolve", quiet
## = TRUE): Observations with value of zero were removed from the data</code></pre>
<pre><code>## Warning in mkinfit(SFO_SFO, FOCUS_2006_D, solution_type = "deSolve",
## use_compiled = FALSE, : Observations with value of zero were removed from
## the data
## Warning in mkinfit(SFO_SFO, FOCUS_2006_D, solution_type = "deSolve",
## use_compiled = FALSE, : Observations with value of zero were removed from
## the data
## Warning in mkinfit(SFO_SFO, FOCUS_2006_D, solution_type = "deSolve",
## use_compiled = FALSE, : Observations with value of zero were removed from
## the data</code></pre>
<pre><code>## Warning in mkinfit(SFO_SFO, FOCUS_2006_D, solution_type = "eigen", quiet =
## TRUE): Observations with value of zero were removed from the data
## Warning in mkinfit(SFO_SFO, FOCUS_2006_D, solution_type = "eigen", quiet =
## TRUE): Observations with value of zero were removed from the data
## Warning in mkinfit(SFO_SFO, FOCUS_2006_D, solution_type = "eigen", quiet =
## TRUE): Observations with value of zero were removed from the data</code></pre>
<pre><code>## Warning in mkinfit(SFO_SFO, FOCUS_2006_D, solution_type = "deSolve", quiet
## = TRUE): Observations with value of zero were removed from the data
## Warning in mkinfit(SFO_SFO, FOCUS_2006_D, solution_type = "deSolve", quiet
## = TRUE): Observations with value of zero were removed from the data
## Warning in mkinfit(SFO_SFO, FOCUS_2006_D, solution_type = "deSolve", quiet
## = TRUE): Observations with value of zero were removed from the data</code></pre>
<pre><code>## test replications elapsed relative user.self sys.self
## 3 deSolve, compiled 3 3.061 1.000 3.059 0
## 1 deSolve, not compiled 3 28.502 9.311 28.487 0
## 2 Eigenvalue based 3 4.321 1.412 4.318 0
## user.child sys.child
## 3 0 0
## 1 0 0
## 2 0 0</code></pre>
<p>We see that using the compiled model is by a factor of around 9 faster than using the R version with the default ode solver, and it is even faster than the Eigenvalue based solution implemented in R which does not need iterative solution of the ODEs.</p>
</div>
<div id="model-that-can-not-be-solved-with-eigenvalues" class="section level2">
<h2 class="hasAnchor">
<a href="#model-that-can-not-be-solved-with-eigenvalues" class="anchor"></a>Model that can not be solved with Eigenvalues</h2>
<p>This evaluation is also taken from the example section of mkinfit.</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb14"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb14-1" title="1"><span class="cf">if</span> (<span class="kw"><a href="https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/base/topics/library">require</a></span>(rbenchmark)) {</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb14-2" title="2"> FOMC_SFO <-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw"><a href="../../reference/mkinmod.html">mkinmod</a></span>(</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb14-3" title="3"> <span class="dt">parent =</span> <span class="kw"><a href="../../reference/mkinsub.html">mkinsub</a></span>(<span class="st">"FOMC"</span>, <span class="st">"m1"</span>),</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb14-4" title="4"> <span class="dt">m1 =</span> <span class="kw"><a href="../../reference/mkinsub.html">mkinsub</a></span>( <span class="st">"SFO"</span>))</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb14-5" title="5"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb14-6" title="6"> b<span class="fl">.2</span> <-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw"><a href="https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/rbenchmark/topics/benchmark">benchmark</a></span>(</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb14-7" title="7"> <span class="st">"deSolve, not compiled"</span> =<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw"><a href="../../reference/mkinfit.html">mkinfit</a></span>(FOMC_SFO, FOCUS_<span class="dv">2006</span>_D,</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb14-8" title="8"> <span class="dt">use_compiled =</span> <span class="ot">FALSE</span>, <span class="dt">quiet =</span> <span class="ot">TRUE</span>),</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb14-9" title="9"> <span class="st">"deSolve, compiled"</span> =<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw"><a href="../../reference/mkinfit.html">mkinfit</a></span>(FOMC_SFO, FOCUS_<span class="dv">2006</span>_D, <span class="dt">quiet =</span> <span class="ot">TRUE</span>),</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb14-10" title="10"> <span class="dt">replications =</span> <span class="dv">3</span>)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb14-11" title="11"> <span class="kw"><a href="https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/base/topics/print">print</a></span>(b<span class="fl">.2</span>)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb14-12" title="12"> factor_FOMC_SFO <-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw"><a href="https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/base/topics/Round">round</a></span>(b<span class="fl">.2</span>[<span class="st">"1"</span>, <span class="st">"relative"</span>])</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb14-13" title="13">} <span class="cf">else</span> {</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb14-14" title="14"> factor_FOMC_SFO <-<span class="st"> </span><span class="ot">NA</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb14-15" title="15"> <span class="kw"><a href="https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/base/topics/print">print</a></span>(<span class="st">"R package benchmark is not available"</span>)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb14-16" title="16">}</a></code></pre></div>
<pre><code>## Successfully compiled differential equation model from auto-generated C code.</code></pre>
<pre><code>## Warning in mkinfit(FOMC_SFO, FOCUS_2006_D, use_compiled = FALSE, quiet =
## TRUE): Observations with value of zero were removed from the data</code></pre>
<pre><code>## Warning in mkinfit(FOMC_SFO, FOCUS_2006_D, quiet = TRUE): Observations with
## value of zero were removed from the data</code></pre>
<pre><code>## Warning in mkinfit(FOMC_SFO, FOCUS_2006_D, use_compiled = FALSE, quiet =
## TRUE): Observations with value of zero were removed from the data
## Warning in mkinfit(FOMC_SFO, FOCUS_2006_D, use_compiled = FALSE, quiet =
## TRUE): Observations with value of zero were removed from the data
## Warning in mkinfit(FOMC_SFO, FOCUS_2006_D, use_compiled = FALSE, quiet =
## TRUE): Observations with value of zero were removed from the data</code></pre>
<pre><code>## Warning in mkinfit(FOMC_SFO, FOCUS_2006_D, quiet = TRUE): Observations with
## value of zero were removed from the data
## Warning in mkinfit(FOMC_SFO, FOCUS_2006_D, quiet = TRUE): Observations with
## value of zero were removed from the data
## Warning in mkinfit(FOMC_SFO, FOCUS_2006_D, quiet = TRUE): Observations with
## value of zero were removed from the data</code></pre>
<pre><code>## test replications elapsed relative user.self sys.self
## 2 deSolve, compiled 3 4.818 1.000 4.814 0
## 1 deSolve, not compiled 3 53.275 11.057 53.249 0
## user.child sys.child
## 2 0 0
## 1 0 0</code></pre>
<p>Here we get a performance benefit of a factor of 11 using the version of the differential equation model compiled from C code!</p>
<p>This vignette was built with mkin 0.9.49.5 on</p>
<pre><code>## R version 3.6.0 (2019-04-26)
## Platform: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu (64-bit)
## Running under: Debian GNU/Linux 10 (buster)</code></pre>
<pre><code>## CPU model: AMD Ryzen 7 1700 Eight-Core Processor</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3 hidden-xs hidden-sm" id="sidebar">
<div id="tocnav">
<h2 class="hasAnchor">
<a href="#tocnav" class="anchor"></a>Contents</h2>
<ul class="nav nav-pills nav-stacked">
<li><a href="#model-that-can-also-be-solved-with-eigenvalues">Model that can also be solved with Eigenvalues</a></li>
<li><a href="#model-that-can-not-be-solved-with-eigenvalues">Model that can not be solved with Eigenvalues</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<footer><div class="copyright">
<p>Developed by Johannes Ranke.</p>
</div>
<div class="pkgdown">
<p>Site built with <a href="https://pkgdown.r-lib.org/">pkgdown</a> 1.3.0.</p>
</div>
</footer>
</div>
</body>
</html>
