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<title>transform_odeparms. mkin 0.9.43.9000</title>
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  Johannes Ranke
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      <h1>
  Functions to transform and backtransform kinetic parameters for fitting
</h1>

<div class="row">
  <div class="span8">
    <h2>Usage</h2>
    <pre><div>transform_odeparms(parms, mkinmod,  transform_rates&nbsp;=&nbsp;TRUE, transform_fractions&nbsp;=&nbsp;TRUE)
backtransform_odeparms(transparms, mkinmod,  transform_rates&nbsp;=&nbsp;TRUE, transform_fractions&nbsp;=&nbsp;TRUE)</div></pre>
    
    <h2>Arguments</h2>
    <dl>
      <dt>parms</dt>
      <dd>
    Parameters of kinetic models as used in the differential equations.
  </dd>
      <dt>transparms</dt>
      <dd>
    Transformed parameters of kinetic models as used in the fitting procedure.
  </dd>
      <dt>mkinmod</dt>
      <dd>
    The kinetic model of class <code><a href='mkinmod.html'>mkinmod</a></code>, containing the names of
    the model variables that are needed for grouping the formation fractions
    before <code><a href='ilr.html'>ilr</a></code> transformation, the parameter names and 
    the information if the pathway to sink is included in the model. 
  </dd>
      <dt>transform_rates</dt>
      <dd>
    Boolean specifying if kinetic rate constants should be transformed in the
    model specification used in the fitting for better compliance with the
    assumption of normal distribution of the estimator. If TRUE, also 
    alpha and beta parameters of the FOMC model are log-transformed, as well 
    as k1 and k2 rate constants for the DFOP and HS models and the break point tb
    of the HS model.
  </dd>
      <dt>transform_fractions</dt>
      <dd>
    Boolean specifying if formation fractions constants should be transformed in the
    model specification used in the fitting for better compliance with the
    assumption of normal distribution of the estimator. The default (TRUE) is 
    to do transformations. The g parameter of the DFOP and HS models are also 
    transformed, as they can also be seen as compositional data. The
    transformation used for these transformations is the <code><a href='ilr.html'>ilr</a></code>
    transformation.
  </dd>
    </dl>
    
    <div class="Description">
      <h2>Description</h2>

      <p>The transformations are intended to map parameters that should only take 
  on restricted values to the full scale of real numbers. For kinetic rate
  constants and other paramters that can only take on positive values, a
  simple log transformation is used. For compositional parameters, such as
  the formations fractions that should always sum up to 1 and can not be
  negative, the <code><a href='ilr.html'>ilr</a></code> transformation is used.</p>
  
      <p>The transformation of sets of formation fractions is fragile, as it supposes
  the same ordering of the components in forward and backward transformation.
  This is no problem for the internal use in <code><a href='mkinfit.html'>mkinfit</a></code>.</p>
  
    </div>

    <div class="Value">
      <h2>Value</h2>

      <p><dl>
  A vector of transformed or backtransformed parameters with the same names
  as the original parameters.
</dl></p>
  
    </div>
    
    <h2 id="examples">Examples</h2>
    <pre class="examples"><div class='input'>SFO_SFO &lt;- mkinmod(
  parent = list(type = &quot;SFO&quot;, to = &quot;m1&quot;, sink = TRUE),
  m1 = list(type = &quot;SFO&quot;))
</div>
<strong class='message'>Successfully compiled differential equation model from auto-generated C code.</strong>
<div class='input'># Fit the model to the FOCUS example dataset D using defaults
fit &lt;- mkinfit(SFO_SFO, FOCUS_2006_D, quiet = TRUE)
summary(fit, data=FALSE) # See transformed and backtransformed parameters
</div>
<div class='output'>mkin version:    0.9.43.9000 
R version:       3.3.1 
Date of fit:     Tue Jun 28 08:14:58 2016 
Date of summary: Tue Jun 28 08:14:58 2016 

Equations:
d_parent = - k_parent_sink * parent - k_parent_m1 * parent
d_m1 = + k_parent_m1 * parent - k_m1_sink * m1

Model predictions using solution type deSolve 

Fitted with method Port using 153 model solutions performed in 1.67 s

Weighting: none

Starting values for parameters to be optimised:
                 value   type
parent_0      100.7500  state
k_parent_sink   0.1000 deparm
k_parent_m1     0.1001 deparm
k_m1_sink       0.1002 deparm

Starting values for the transformed parameters actually optimised:
                       value lower upper
parent_0          100.750000  -Inf   Inf
log_k_parent_sink  -2.302585  -Inf   Inf
log_k_parent_m1    -2.301586  -Inf   Inf
log_k_m1_sink      -2.300587  -Inf   Inf

Fixed parameter values:
     value  type
m1_0     0 state

Optimised, transformed parameters with symmetric confidence intervals:
                  Estimate Std. Error  Lower   Upper
parent_0            99.600    1.61400 96.330 102.900
log_k_parent_sink   -3.038    0.07826 -3.197  -2.879
log_k_parent_m1     -2.980    0.04124 -3.064  -2.897
log_k_m1_sink       -5.248    0.13610 -5.523  -4.972

Parameter correlation:
                  parent_0 log_k_parent_sink log_k_parent_m1 log_k_m1_sink
parent_0           1.00000            0.6075        -0.06625       -0.1701
log_k_parent_sink  0.60752            1.0000        -0.08740       -0.6253
log_k_parent_m1   -0.06625           -0.0874         1.00000        0.4716
log_k_m1_sink     -0.17006           -0.6253         0.47163        1.0000

Residual standard error: 3.211 on 36 degrees of freedom

Backtransformed parameters:
Confidence intervals for internally transformed parameters are asymmetric.
t-test (unrealistically) based on the assumption of normal distribution
for estimators of untransformed parameters.
               Estimate t value    Pr(&gt;t)     Lower     Upper
parent_0      99.600000  61.720 2.024e-38 96.330000 1.029e+02
k_parent_sink  0.047920  12.780 3.050e-15  0.040890 5.616e-02
k_parent_m1    0.050780  24.250 3.407e-24  0.046700 5.521e-02
k_m1_sink      0.005261   7.349 5.758e-09  0.003992 6.933e-03

Chi2 error levels in percent:
         err.min n.optim df
All data   6.398       4 15
parent     6.827       3  6
m1         4.490       1  9

Resulting formation fractions:
                ff
parent_sink 0.4855
parent_m1   0.5145
m1_sink     1.0000

Estimated disappearance times:
          DT50   DT90
parent   7.023  23.33
m1     131.761 437.70
</div>
<div class='input'>
## Not run: 
# fit.2 &lt;- mkinfit(SFO_SFO, FOCUS_2006_D, transform_rates = FALSE)
# summary(fit.2, data=FALSE) 
# ## End(Not run)

initials &lt;- fit$start$value
names(initials) &lt;- rownames(fit$start)
transformed &lt;- fit$start_transformed$value
names(transformed) &lt;- rownames(fit$start_transformed)
transform_odeparms(initials, SFO_SFO)
</div>
<div class='output'>         parent_0 log_k_parent_sink   log_k_parent_m1     log_k_m1_sink 
       100.750000         -2.302585         -2.301586         -2.300587 
</div>
<div class='input'>backtransform_odeparms(transformed, SFO_SFO)
</div>
<div class='output'>     parent_0 k_parent_sink   k_parent_m1     k_m1_sink 
     100.7500        0.1000        0.1001        0.1002 
</div>
<div class='input'>
## Not run: 
# # The case of formation fractions
# SFO_SFO.ff &lt;- mkinmod(
#   parent = list(type = &quot;SFO&quot;, to = &quot;m1&quot;, sink = TRUE),
#   m1 = list(type = &quot;SFO&quot;),
#   use_of_ff = &quot;max&quot;)
# 
# fit.ff &lt;- mkinfit(SFO_SFO.ff, FOCUS_2006_D)
# summary(fit.ff, data = FALSE)
# initials &lt;- c(&quot;f_parent_to_m1&quot; = 0.5)
# transformed &lt;- transform_odeparms(initials, SFO_SFO.ff)
# backtransform_odeparms(transformed, SFO_SFO.ff)
# 
# # And without sink
# SFO_SFO.ff.2 &lt;- mkinmod(
#   parent = list(type = &quot;SFO&quot;, to = &quot;m1&quot;, sink = FALSE),
#   m1 = list(type = &quot;SFO&quot;),
#   use_of_ff = &quot;max&quot;)
# 
# 
# fit.ff.2 &lt;- mkinfit(SFO_SFO.ff.2, FOCUS_2006_D)
# summary(fit.ff.2, data = FALSE)
# ## End(Not run)
</div></pre>
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    <h2>Author</h2>
    
  Johannes Ranke

    
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