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+ <h1>Performance benefit by using compiled model definitions in mkin</h1>
+ <h4 class="author">Johannes Ranke</h4>
+
+ <h4 class="date">2016-10-26</h4>
+ </div>
+
+
+
+<div class="contents">
+<div id="benchmark-for-a-model-that-can-also-be-solved-with-eigenvalues" class="section level2">
+<h2 class="hasAnchor"><html><body><a href="#benchmark-for-a-model-that-can-also-be-solved-with-eigenvalues" class="anchor"> </a></body></html>Benchmark for a model that can also be solved with Eigenvalues</h2>
+<p>This evaluation is taken from the example section of mkinfit. When using an mkin version equal to or greater than 0.9-36 and a C compiler (gcc) is available, you will see a message that the model is being compiled from autogenerated C code when defining a model using mkinmod. The <code><a href="../reference/mkinmod.html">mkinmod()</a></code> function checks for presence of the gcc compiler using</p>
+<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span class="kw">Sys.which</span>(<span class="st">"gcc"</span>)</code></pre></div>
+<pre><code>## gcc
+## "/usr/bin/gcc"</code></pre>
+<p>First, we build a simple degradation model for a parent compound with one metabolite.</p>
+<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span class="kw">library</span>(<span class="st">"mkin"</span>)
+SFO_SFO &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw"><a href="../reference/mkinmod.html">mkinmod</a></span>(
+ <span class="dt">parent =</span> <span class="kw"><a href="../reference/mkinsub.html">mkinsub</a></span>(<span class="st">"SFO"</span>, <span class="st">"m1"</span>),
+ <span class="dt">m1 =</span> <span class="kw"><a href="../reference/mkinsub.html">mkinsub</a></span>(<span class="st">"SFO"</span>))</code></pre></div>
+<pre><code>## Successfully compiled differential equation model from auto-generated C code.</code></pre>
+<p>We can compare the performance of the Eigenvalue based solution against the compiled version and the R implementation of the differential equations using the microbenchmark package.</p>
+<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span class="kw">library</span>(<span class="st">"microbenchmark"</span>)
+<span class="kw">library</span>(<span class="st">"ggplot2"</span>)
+mb<span class="fl">.1</span> &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">microbenchmark</span>(
+ <span class="st">"deSolve, not compiled"</span> =<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw"><a href="../reference/mkinfit.html">mkinfit</a></span>(SFO_SFO, FOCUS_2006_D,
+ <span class="dt">solution_type =</span> <span class="st">"deSolve"</span>,
+ <span class="dt">use_compiled =</span> <span class="ot">FALSE</span>, <span class="dt">quiet =</span> <span class="ot">TRUE</span>),
+ <span class="st">"Eigenvalue based"</span> =<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw"><a href="../reference/mkinfit.html">mkinfit</a></span>(SFO_SFO, FOCUS_2006_D,
+ <span class="dt">solution_type =</span> <span class="st">"eigen"</span>, <span class="dt">quiet =</span> <span class="ot">TRUE</span>),
+ <span class="st">"deSolve, compiled"</span> =<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw"><a href="../reference/mkinfit.html">mkinfit</a></span>(SFO_SFO, FOCUS_2006_D,
+ <span class="dt">solution_type =</span> <span class="st">"deSolve"</span>, <span class="dt">quiet =</span> <span class="ot">TRUE</span>),
+ <span class="dt">times =</span> <span class="dv">3</span>, <span class="dt">control =</span> <span class="kw">list</span>(<span class="dt">warmup =</span> <span class="dv">0</span>))</code></pre></div>
+<pre><code>## Warning in microbenchmark(`deSolve, not compiled` = mkinfit(SFO_SFO,
+## FOCUS_2006_D, : Could not measure overhead. Your clock might lack
+## precision.</code></pre>
+<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r">smb<span class="fl">.1</span> &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">summary</span>(mb<span class="fl">.1</span>)
+<span class="kw">print</span>(mb<span class="fl">.1</span>)</code></pre></div>
+<pre><code>## Unit: milliseconds
+## expr min lq mean median uq
+## deSolve, not compiled 6298.7342 6308.6792 6343.9668 6318.6243 6366.5831
+## Eigenvalue based 871.7379 880.7757 903.5267 889.8135 919.4211
+## deSolve, compiled 724.9025 730.6729 732.9837 736.4432 737.0243
+## max neval cld
+## 6414.5420 3 c
+## 949.0287 3 b
+## 737.6054 3 a</code></pre>
+<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span class="kw">autoplot</span>(mb<span class="fl">.1</span>)</code></pre></div>
+<p><img src="compiled_models_files/figure-html/benchmark_SFO_SFO-1.png" width="672"></p>
+<p>We see that using the compiled model is by a factor of 8.6 faster than using the R version with the default ode solver, and it is even faster than the Eigenvalue based solution implemented in R which does not need iterative solution of the ODEs:</p>
+<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span class="kw">rownames</span>(smb<span class="fl">.1</span>) &lt;-<span class="st"> </span>smb<span class="fl">.1</span>$expr
+smb<span class="fl">.1</span>[<span class="st">"median"</span>]/smb<span class="fl">.1</span>[<span class="st">"deSolve, compiled"</span>, <span class="st">"median"</span>]</code></pre></div>
+<pre><code>## median
+## deSolve, not compiled 8.579920
+## Eigenvalue based 1.208258
+## deSolve, compiled 1.000000</code></pre>
+</div>
+<div id="benchmark-for-a-model-that-can-not-be-solved-with-eigenvalues" class="section level2">
+<h2 class="hasAnchor"><html><body><a href="#benchmark-for-a-model-that-can-not-be-solved-with-eigenvalues" class="anchor"> </a></body></html>Benchmark for a model that can not be solved with Eigenvalues</h2>
+<p>This evaluation is also taken from the example section of mkinfit.</p>
+<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r">FOMC_SFO &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw"><a href="../reference/mkinmod.html">mkinmod</a></span>(
+ <span class="dt">parent =</span> <span class="kw"><a href="../reference/mkinsub.html">mkinsub</a></span>(<span class="st">"FOMC"</span>, <span class="st">"m1"</span>),
+ <span class="dt">m1 =</span> <span class="kw"><a href="../reference/mkinsub.html">mkinsub</a></span>( <span class="st">"SFO"</span>))</code></pre></div>
+<pre><code>## Successfully compiled differential equation model from auto-generated C code.</code></pre>
+<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r">mb<span class="fl">.2</span> &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">microbenchmark</span>(
+ <span class="st">"deSolve, not compiled"</span> =<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw"><a href="../reference/mkinfit.html">mkinfit</a></span>(FOMC_SFO, FOCUS_2006_D,
+ <span class="dt">use_compiled =</span> <span class="ot">FALSE</span>, <span class="dt">quiet =</span> <span class="ot">TRUE</span>),
+ <span class="st">"deSolve, compiled"</span> =<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw"><a href="../reference/mkinfit.html">mkinfit</a></span>(FOMC_SFO, FOCUS_2006_D, <span class="dt">quiet =</span> <span class="ot">TRUE</span>),
+ <span class="dt">times =</span> <span class="dv">3</span>, <span class="dt">control =</span> <span class="kw">list</span>(<span class="dt">warmup =</span> <span class="dv">0</span>))</code></pre></div>
+<pre><code>## Warning in microbenchmark(`deSolve, not compiled` = mkinfit(FOMC_SFO,
+## FOCUS_2006_D, : Could not measure overhead. Your clock might lack
+## precision.</code></pre>
+<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r">smb<span class="fl">.2</span> &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">summary</span>(mb<span class="fl">.2</span>)
+<span class="kw">print</span>(mb<span class="fl">.2</span>)</code></pre></div>
+<pre><code>## Unit: seconds
+## expr min lq mean median uq
+## deSolve, not compiled 13.265212 13.330161 13.412053 13.395109 13.485473
+## deSolve, compiled 1.322466 1.326851 1.364827 1.331236 1.386007
+## max neval cld
+## 13.575837 3 b
+## 1.440779 3 a</code></pre>
+<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r">smb<span class="fl">.2</span>[<span class="st">"median"</span>]/smb<span class="fl">.2</span>[<span class="st">"deSolve, compiled"</span>, <span class="st">"median"</span>]</code></pre></div>
+<pre><code>## median
+## 1 NA
+## 2 NA</code></pre>
+<div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span class="kw">autoplot</span>(mb<span class="fl">.2</span>)</code></pre></div>
+<p><img src="compiled_models_files/figure-html/benchmark_FOMC_SFO-1.png" width="672"></p>
+<p>Here we get a performance benefit of a factor of 10.1 using the version of the differential equation model compiled from C code!</p>
+<p>This vignette was built with mkin 0.9.44.9000 on</p>
+<pre><code>## R version 3.3.1 (2016-06-21)
+## Platform: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu (64-bit)
+## Running under: Debian GNU/Linux 8 (jessie)</code></pre>
+<pre><code>## CPU model: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-4710MQ CPU @ 2.50GHz</code></pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="col-md-3 hidden-xs hidden-sm" id="sidebar">
+ <div id="tocnav">
+ <h2>Contents</h2>
+ <ul class="nav nav-pills nav-stacked"><li><a href="#benchmark-for-a-model-that-can-also-be-solved-with-eigenvalues">Benchmark for a model that can also be solved with Eigenvalues</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#benchmark-for-a-model-that-can-not-be-solved-with-eigenvalues">Benchmark for a model that can not be solved with Eigenvalues</a></li>
+ </ul></div>
+ </div>
+
+</div>
+
+
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