From 8f38147e145c66ebd27f5d9fcc6f00172c25872f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Johannes Ranke <jranke@uni-bremen.de>
Date: Wed, 26 Oct 2016 23:18:20 +0200
Subject: Static documentation rebuilt by pkgdown::build_site()

---
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diff --git a/docs/articles/FOCUS_D.R b/docs/articles/FOCUS_D.R
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c3881e80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/articles/FOCUS_D.R
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+## ---- include = FALSE----------------------------------------------------
+library(knitr)
+opts_chunk$set(tidy = FALSE, cache = TRUE)
+
+## ----data----------------------------------------------------------------
+library("mkin")
+print(FOCUS_2006_D)
+
+## ----model---------------------------------------------------------------
+SFO_SFO <- mkinmod(parent = mkinsub("SFO", "m1"), m1 = mkinsub("SFO"))
+print(SFO_SFO$diffs)
+
+## ----fit-----------------------------------------------------------------
+fit <- mkinfit(SFO_SFO, FOCUS_2006_D, quiet = TRUE)
+
+## ----plot, fig.height = 5------------------------------------------------
+plot(fit, show_residuals = TRUE)
+
+## ----plot_2, fig.height = 4----------------------------------------------
+mkinparplot(fit)
+
+## ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+summary(fit)
+
diff --git a/docs/articles/FOCUS_D.html b/docs/articles/FOCUS_D.html
index 02c3aa69..df259e21 100644
--- a/docs/articles/FOCUS_D.html
+++ b/docs/articles/FOCUS_D.html
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html>
-<!-- Generated by pkgdown: do not edit by hand --><html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta charset="utf-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><title>Example evaluation of FOCUS Example Dataset D. mkin</title><!-- jquery --><script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.1.0.min.js" integrity="sha384-nrOSfDHtoPMzJHjVTdCopGqIqeYETSXhZDFyniQ8ZHcVy08QesyHcnOUpMpqnmWq" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><!-- Bootstrap --><link href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootswatch/3.3.7/cerulean/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" crossorigin="anonymous"><script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-Tc5IQib027qvyjSMfHjOMaLkfuWVxZxUPnCJA7l2mCWNIpG9mGCD8wGNIcPD7Txa" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><!-- Font Awesome icons --><link href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.6.3/css/font-awesome.min.css" rel="stylesheet" integrity="sha384-T8Gy5hrqNKT+hzMclPo118YTQO6cYprQmhrYwIiQ/3axmI1hQomh7Ud2hPOy8SP1" crossorigin="anonymous"><!-- pkgdown --><link href="../pkgdown.css" rel="stylesheet"><script src="../pkgdown.js"></script><!-- mathjax --><script src="https://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML"></script><!--[if lt IE 9]>
+<!-- Generated by pkgdown: do not edit by hand --><html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta charset="utf-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><title>Example evaluation of FOCUS Example Dataset D &bull; mkin</title><!-- jquery --><script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.1.0.min.js" integrity="sha384-nrOSfDHtoPMzJHjVTdCopGqIqeYETSXhZDFyniQ8ZHcVy08QesyHcnOUpMpqnmWq" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><!-- Bootstrap --><link href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous"><script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-Tc5IQib027qvyjSMfHjOMaLkfuWVxZxUPnCJA7l2mCWNIpG9mGCD8wGNIcPD7Txa" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><!-- Font Awesome icons --><link href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.6.3/css/font-awesome.min.css" rel="stylesheet" integrity="sha384-T8Gy5hrqNKT+hzMclPo118YTQO6cYprQmhrYwIiQ/3axmI1hQomh7Ud2hPOy8SP1" crossorigin="anonymous"><!-- pkgdown --><link href="../pkgdown.css" rel="stylesheet"><script src="../jquery.sticky-kit.min.js"></script><script src="../pkgdown.js"></script><!-- mathjax --><script src="https://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML"></script><!--[if lt IE 9]>
 <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/html5shiv/3.7.3/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
 <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/respond/1.4.2/respond.min.js"></script>
 <![endif]--></head><body>
-    <div class="container">
-      <header><div class="navbar navbar-default  navbar-fixed-top" role="navigation">
+    <div class="container template-vignette">
+      <header><div class="navbar navbar-default navbar-fixed-top" role="navigation">
   <div class="container">
     <div class="navbar-header">
       <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbar">
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
       </ul></div><!--/.nav-collapse -->
   </div><!--/.container -->
 </div><!--/.navbar -->
+
       
       </header><div class="row">
   <div class="col-md-9">
@@ -37,11 +38,12 @@
       <h1>Example evaluation of FOCUS Example Dataset D</h1>
                         <h4 class="author">Johannes Ranke</h4>
             
-            <h4 class="date">2016-10-06</h4>
+            <h4 class="date">2016-10-26</h4>
           </div>
 
     
     
+<div class="contents">
 <p>This is just a very simple vignette showing how to fit a degradation model for a parent compound with one transformation product using <code>mkin</code>. After loading the library we look a the data. We have observed concentrations in the column named <code>value</code> at the times specified in column <code>time</code> for the two observed variables named <code>parent</code> and <code>m1</code>.</p>
 <div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span class="kw">library</span>(<span class="st">"mkin"</span>)
 <span class="kw">print</span>(FOCUS_2006_D)</code></pre></div>
@@ -103,16 +105,16 @@
 <div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r">fit &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw"><a href="../reference/mkinfit.html">mkinfit</a></span>(SFO_SFO, FOCUS_2006_D, <span class="dt">quiet =</span> <span class="ot">TRUE</span>)</code></pre></div>
 <p>A plot of the fit including a residual plot for both observed variables is obtained using the <code>plot</code> method for <code>mkinfit</code> objects.</p>
 <div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span class="kw">plot</span>(fit, <span class="dt">show_residuals =</span> <span class="ot">TRUE</span>)</code></pre></div>
-<p><img src="/home/jranke/git/mkin/docs/articles/FOCUS_D_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-5-1.png" width="672"></p>
+<p><img src="FOCUS_D_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-5-1.png" width="672"></p>
 <p>Confidence intervals for the parameter estimates are obtained using the <code>mkinparplot</code> function.</p>
 <div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span class="kw"><a href="../reference/mkinparplot.html">mkinparplot</a></span>(fit)</code></pre></div>
-<p><img src="/home/jranke/git/mkin/docs/articles/FOCUS_D_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-6-1.png" width="672"></p>
+<p><img src="FOCUS_D_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-6-1.png" width="672"></p>
 <p>A comprehensive report of the results is obtained using the <code>summary</code> method for <code>mkinfit</code> objects.</p>
 <div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span class="kw">summary</span>(fit)</code></pre></div>
 <pre><code>## mkin version:    0.9.44.9000 
 ## R version:       3.3.1 
-## Date of fit:     Thu Oct  6 08:54:04 2016 
-## Date of summary: Thu Oct  6 08:54:04 2016 
+## Date of fit:     Wed Oct 26 23:18:10 2016 
+## Date of summary: Wed Oct 26 23:18:10 2016 
 ## 
 ## Equations:
 ## d_parent = - k_parent_sink * parent - k_parent_m1 * parent
@@ -120,7 +122,7 @@
 ## 
 ## Model predictions using solution type deSolve 
 ## 
-## Fitted with method Port using 153 model solutions performed in 0.637 s
+## Fitted with method Port using 153 model solutions performed in 0.628 s
 ## 
 ## Weighting: none
 ## 
@@ -231,15 +233,23 @@
 ##   100       m1    33.13 3.198e+01  1.148e+00
 ##   120       m1    25.15 2.879e+01 -3.640e+00
 ##   120       m1    33.31 2.879e+01  4.520e+00</code></pre>
+</div>
   </div>
 
-  <div class="col-md-3 hidden-xs">
+  <div class="col-md-3 hidden-xs hidden-sm" id="sidebar">
       </div>
 
 </div>
 
 
-      <footer><p>Built by <a href="http://hadley.github.io/pkgdown/">pkgdown</a>. Styled with <a href="http://getbootstrap.com">Bootstrap 3</a>.</p>
+      <footer><div class="copyright">
+  <p>Developed by Johannes Ranke, Eurofins Regulatory AG.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="pkgdown">
+  <p>Site built with <a href="http://hadley.github.io/pkgdown/">pkgdown</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
       </footer></div>
 
   </body></html>
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@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+base
+minpack.lm
+rootSolve
+inline
+mkin
+knitr
+microbenchmark
+ggplot2
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diff --git a/docs/articles/FOCUS_L.R b/docs/articles/FOCUS_L.R
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..858d483e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/articles/FOCUS_L.R
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+## ----fig.width = 7, fig.height = 6---------------------------------------
+m.L2.DFOP <- mkinfit("DFOP", FOCUS_2006_L2_mkin, quiet = TRUE)
+plot(m.L2.DFOP, show_residuals = TRUE, show_errmin = TRUE,
+     main = "FOCUS L2 - DFOP")
+summary(m.L2.DFOP, data = FALSE)
+
+## ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+FOCUS_2006_L3 = data.frame(
+  t = c(0, 3, 7, 14, 30, 60, 91, 120),
+  parent = c(97.8, 60, 51, 43, 35, 22, 15, 12))
+FOCUS_2006_L3_mkin <- mkin_wide_to_long(FOCUS_2006_L3)
+
+## ----fig.height = 8------------------------------------------------------
+# Only use one core here, not to offend the CRAN checks
+mm.L3 <- mmkin(c("SFO", "FOMC", "DFOP"), cores = 1,
+               list("FOCUS L3" = FOCUS_2006_L3_mkin), quiet = TRUE)
+plot(mm.L3)
+
+## ----fig.height = 5------------------------------------------------------
+summary(mm.L3[["DFOP", 1]])
+plot(mm.L3[["DFOP", 1]], show_errmin = TRUE)
+
+## ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+FOCUS_2006_L4 = data.frame(
+  t = c(0, 3, 7, 14, 30, 60, 91, 120),
+  parent = c(96.6, 96.3, 94.3, 88.8, 74.9, 59.9, 53.5, 49.0))
+FOCUS_2006_L4_mkin <- mkin_wide_to_long(FOCUS_2006_L4)
+
+## ----fig.height = 6------------------------------------------------------
+# Only use one core here, not to offend the CRAN checks
+mm.L4 <- mmkin(c("SFO", "FOMC"), cores = 1,
+               list("FOCUS L4" = FOCUS_2006_L4_mkin), 
+               quiet = TRUE)
+plot(mm.L4)
+
+## ----fig.height = 8------------------------------------------------------
+summary(mm.L4[["SFO", 1]], data = FALSE)
+summary(mm.L4[["FOMC", 1]], data = FALSE)
+
diff --git a/docs/articles/FOCUS_L.html b/docs/articles/FOCUS_L.html
index 5d586799..cb3096e0 100644
--- a/docs/articles/FOCUS_L.html
+++ b/docs/articles/FOCUS_L.html
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html>
-<!-- Generated by pkgdown: do not edit by hand --><html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta charset="utf-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><title>Example evaluation of FOCUS Laboratory Data L1 to L3. mkin</title><!-- jquery --><script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.1.0.min.js" integrity="sha384-nrOSfDHtoPMzJHjVTdCopGqIqeYETSXhZDFyniQ8ZHcVy08QesyHcnOUpMpqnmWq" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><!-- Bootstrap --><link href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootswatch/3.3.7/cerulean/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" crossorigin="anonymous"><script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-Tc5IQib027qvyjSMfHjOMaLkfuWVxZxUPnCJA7l2mCWNIpG9mGCD8wGNIcPD7Txa" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><!-- Font Awesome icons --><link href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.6.3/css/font-awesome.min.css" rel="stylesheet" integrity="sha384-T8Gy5hrqNKT+hzMclPo118YTQO6cYprQmhrYwIiQ/3axmI1hQomh7Ud2hPOy8SP1" crossorigin="anonymous"><!-- pkgdown --><link href="../pkgdown.css" rel="stylesheet"><script src="../pkgdown.js"></script><!-- mathjax --><script src="https://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML"></script><!--[if lt IE 9]>
+<!-- Generated by pkgdown: do not edit by hand --><html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta charset="utf-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><title>Example evaluation of FOCUS Laboratory Data L1 to L3 &bull; mkin</title><!-- jquery --><script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.1.0.min.js" integrity="sha384-nrOSfDHtoPMzJHjVTdCopGqIqeYETSXhZDFyniQ8ZHcVy08QesyHcnOUpMpqnmWq" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><!-- Bootstrap --><link href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous"><script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-Tc5IQib027qvyjSMfHjOMaLkfuWVxZxUPnCJA7l2mCWNIpG9mGCD8wGNIcPD7Txa" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><!-- Font Awesome icons --><link href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.6.3/css/font-awesome.min.css" rel="stylesheet" integrity="sha384-T8Gy5hrqNKT+hzMclPo118YTQO6cYprQmhrYwIiQ/3axmI1hQomh7Ud2hPOy8SP1" crossorigin="anonymous"><!-- pkgdown --><link href="../pkgdown.css" rel="stylesheet"><script src="../jquery.sticky-kit.min.js"></script><script src="../pkgdown.js"></script><!-- mathjax --><script src="https://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML"></script><!--[if lt IE 9]>
 <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/html5shiv/3.7.3/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
 <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/respond/1.4.2/respond.min.js"></script>
 <![endif]--></head><body>
-    <div class="container">
-      <header><div class="navbar navbar-default  navbar-fixed-top" role="navigation">
+    <div class="container template-vignette">
+      <header><div class="navbar navbar-default navbar-fixed-top" role="navigation">
   <div class="container">
     <div class="navbar-header">
       <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbar">
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
       </ul></div><!--/.nav-collapse -->
   </div><!--/.container -->
 </div><!--/.navbar -->
+
       
       </header><div class="row">
   <div class="col-md-9">
@@ -37,13 +38,14 @@
       <h1>Example evaluation of FOCUS Laboratory Data L1 to L3</h1>
                         <h4 class="author">Johannes Ranke</h4>
             
-            <h4 class="date">2016-10-06</h4>
+            <h4 class="date">2016-10-26</h4>
           </div>
 
     
     
+<div class="contents">
 <div id="laboratory-data-l1" class="section level1">
-<h1>Laboratory Data L1</h1>
+<h1 class="hasAnchor"><html><body><a href="#laboratory-data-l1" class="anchor"> </a></body></html>Laboratory Data L1</h1>
 <p>The following code defines example dataset L1 from the FOCUS kinetics report, p.&nbsp;284:</p>
 <div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span class="kw">library</span>(<span class="st">"mkin"</span>, <span class="dt">quietly =</span> <span class="ot">TRUE</span>)
 FOCUS_2006_L1 =<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">data.frame</span>(
@@ -58,15 +60,15 @@ FOCUS_2006_L1_mkin &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw"><a href="../re
 <span class="kw">summary</span>(m.L1.SFO)</code></pre></div>
 <pre><code>## mkin version:    0.9.44.9000 
 ## R version:       3.3.1 
-## Date of fit:     Thu Oct  6 08:54:05 2016 
-## Date of summary: Thu Oct  6 08:54:05 2016 
+## Date of fit:     Wed Oct 26 23:18:11 2016 
+## Date of summary: Wed Oct 26 23:18:11 2016 
 ## 
 ## Equations:
 ## d_parent = - k_parent_sink * parent
 ## 
 ## Model predictions using solution type analytical 
 ## 
-## Fitted with method Port using 37 model solutions performed in 0.087 s
+## Fitted with method Port using 37 model solutions performed in 0.089 s
 ## 
 ## Weighting: none
 ## 
@@ -138,21 +140,21 @@ FOCUS_2006_L1_mkin &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw"><a href="../re
 ##    30   parent      4.0     5.251  -1.2513</code></pre>
 <p>A plot of the fit is obtained with the plot function for mkinfit objects.</p>
 <div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span class="kw">plot</span>(m.L1.SFO, <span class="dt">show_errmin =</span> <span class="ot">TRUE</span>, <span class="dt">main =</span> <span class="st">"FOCUS L1 - SFO"</span>)</code></pre></div>
-<p><img src="/home/jranke/git/mkin/docs/articles/FOCUS_L_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-4-1.png" width="576"></p>
+<p><img src="FOCUS_L_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-4-1.png" width="576"></p>
 <p>The residual plot can be easily obtained by</p>
 <div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span class="kw"><a href="../reference/mkinresplot.html">mkinresplot</a></span>(m.L1.SFO, <span class="dt">ylab =</span> <span class="st">"Observed"</span>, <span class="dt">xlab =</span> <span class="st">"Time"</span>)</code></pre></div>
-<p><img src="/home/jranke/git/mkin/docs/articles/FOCUS_L_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-5-1.png" width="576"></p>
+<p><img src="FOCUS_L_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-5-1.png" width="576"></p>
 <p>For comparison, the FOMC model is fitted as well, and the <span class="math inline">\(\chi^2\)</span> error level is checked.</p>
 <div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r">m.L1.FOMC &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw"><a href="../reference/mkinfit.html">mkinfit</a></span>(<span class="st">"FOMC"</span>, FOCUS_2006_L1_mkin, <span class="dt">quiet=</span><span class="ot">TRUE</span>)</code></pre></div>
 <pre><code>## Warning in mkinfit("FOMC", FOCUS_2006_L1_mkin, quiet = TRUE): Optimisation by method Port did not converge.
 ## Convergence code is 1</code></pre>
 <div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span class="kw">plot</span>(m.L1.FOMC, <span class="dt">show_errmin =</span> <span class="ot">TRUE</span>, <span class="dt">main =</span> <span class="st">"FOCUS L1 - FOMC"</span>)</code></pre></div>
-<p><img src="/home/jranke/git/mkin/docs/articles/FOCUS_L_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-6-1.png" width="576"></p>
+<p><img src="FOCUS_L_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-6-1.png" width="576"></p>
 <div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span class="kw">summary</span>(m.L1.FOMC, <span class="dt">data =</span> <span class="ot">FALSE</span>)</code></pre></div>
 <pre><code>## mkin version:    0.9.44.9000 
 ## R version:       3.3.1 
-## Date of fit:     Thu Oct  6 08:54:06 2016 
-## Date of summary: Thu Oct  6 08:54:06 2016 
+## Date of fit:     Wed Oct 26 23:18:12 2016 
+## Date of summary: Wed Oct 26 23:18:12 2016 
 ## 
 ## 
 ## Warning: Optimisation by method Port did not converge.
@@ -164,7 +166,7 @@ FOCUS_2006_L1_mkin &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw"><a href="../re
 ## 
 ## Model predictions using solution type analytical 
 ## 
-## Fitted with method Port using 188 model solutions performed in 0.437 s
+## Fitted with method Port using 188 model solutions performed in 0.434 s
 ## 
 ## Weighting: none
 ## 
@@ -219,7 +221,7 @@ FOCUS_2006_L1_mkin &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw"><a href="../re
 <p>The <span class="math inline">\(\chi^2\)</span> error levels reported in Appendix 3 and Appendix 7 to the FOCUS kinetics report are rounded to integer percentages and partly deviate by one percentage point from the results calculated by mkin. The reason for this is not known. However, mkin gives the same <span class="math inline">\(\chi^2\)</span> error levels as the kinfit package and the calculation routines of the kinfit package have been extensively compared to the results obtained by the KinGUI software, as documented in the kinfit package vignette. KinGUI was the first widely used standard package in this field. Also, the calculation of <span class="math inline">\(\chi^2\)</span> error levels was compared with KinGUII, CAKE and DegKin manager in a project sponsored by the German Umweltbundesamt <span class="citation">(Ranke, n.d.)</span>.</p>
 </div>
 <div id="laboratory-data-l2" class="section level1">
-<h1>Laboratory Data L2</h1>
+<h1 class="hasAnchor"><html><body><a href="#laboratory-data-l2" class="anchor"> </a></body></html>Laboratory Data L2</h1>
 <p>The following code defines example dataset L2 from the FOCUS kinetics report, p.&nbsp;287:</p>
 <div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r">FOCUS_2006_L2 =<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">data.frame</span>(
   <span class="dt">t =</span> <span class="kw">rep</span>(<span class="kw">c</span>(<span class="dv">0</span>, <span class="dv">1</span>, <span class="dv">3</span>, <span class="dv">7</span>, <span class="dv">14</span>, <span class="dv">28</span>), <span class="dt">each =</span> <span class="dv">2</span>),
@@ -228,35 +230,35 @@ FOCUS_2006_L1_mkin &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw"><a href="../re
              <span class="fl">2.6</span>, <span class="fl">1.2</span>, <span class="fl">0.3</span>, <span class="fl">0.6</span>))
 FOCUS_2006_L2_mkin &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw"><a href="../reference/mkin_wide_to_long.html">mkin_wide_to_long</a></span>(FOCUS_2006_L2)</code></pre></div>
 <div id="sfo-fit-for-l2" class="section level2">
-<h2>SFO fit for L2</h2>
+<h2 class="hasAnchor"><html><body><a href="#sfo-fit-for-l2" class="anchor"> </a></body></html>SFO fit for L2</h2>
 <p>Again, the SFO model is fitted and the result is plotted. The residual plot can be obtained simply by adding the argument <code>show_residuals</code> to the plot command.</p>
 <div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r">m.L2.SFO &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw"><a href="../reference/mkinfit.html">mkinfit</a></span>(<span class="st">"SFO"</span>, FOCUS_2006_L2_mkin, <span class="dt">quiet=</span><span class="ot">TRUE</span>)
 <span class="kw">plot</span>(m.L2.SFO, <span class="dt">show_residuals =</span> <span class="ot">TRUE</span>, <span class="dt">show_errmin =</span> <span class="ot">TRUE</span>, 
      <span class="dt">main =</span> <span class="st">"FOCUS L2 - SFO"</span>)</code></pre></div>
-<p><img src="/home/jranke/git/mkin/docs/articles/FOCUS_L_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-8-1.png" width="672"></p>
+<p><img src="FOCUS_L_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-8-1.png" width="672"></p>
 <p>The <span class="math inline">\(\chi^2\)</span> error level of 14% suggests that the model does not fit very well. This is also obvious from the plots of the fit, in which we have included the residual plot.</p>
 <p>In the FOCUS kinetics report, it is stated that there is no apparent systematic error observed from the residual plot up to the measured DT90 (approximately at day 5), and there is an underestimation beyond that point.</p>
 <p>We may add that it is difficult to judge the random nature of the residuals just from the three samplings at days 0, 1 and 3. Also, it is not clear <em>a priori</em> why a consistent underestimation after the approximate DT90 should be irrelevant. However, this can be rationalised by the fact that the FOCUS fate models generally only implement SFO kinetics.</p>
 </div>
 <div id="fomc-fit-for-l2" class="section level2">
-<h2>FOMC fit for L2</h2>
+<h2 class="hasAnchor"><html><body><a href="#fomc-fit-for-l2" class="anchor"> </a></body></html>FOMC fit for L2</h2>
 <p>For comparison, the FOMC model is fitted as well, and the <span class="math inline">\(\chi^2\)</span> error level is checked.</p>
 <div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r">m.L2.FOMC &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw"><a href="../reference/mkinfit.html">mkinfit</a></span>(<span class="st">"FOMC"</span>, FOCUS_2006_L2_mkin, <span class="dt">quiet =</span> <span class="ot">TRUE</span>)
 <span class="kw">plot</span>(m.L2.FOMC, <span class="dt">show_residuals =</span> <span class="ot">TRUE</span>,
      <span class="dt">main =</span> <span class="st">"FOCUS L2 - FOMC"</span>)</code></pre></div>
-<p><img src="/home/jranke/git/mkin/docs/articles/FOCUS_L_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-9-1.png" width="672"></p>
+<p><img src="FOCUS_L_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-9-1.png" width="672"></p>
 <div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span class="kw">summary</span>(m.L2.FOMC, <span class="dt">data =</span> <span class="ot">FALSE</span>)</code></pre></div>
 <pre><code>## mkin version:    0.9.44.9000 
 ## R version:       3.3.1 
-## Date of fit:     Thu Oct  6 08:54:07 2016 
-## Date of summary: Thu Oct  6 08:54:07 2016 
+## Date of fit:     Wed Oct 26 23:18:12 2016 
+## Date of summary: Wed Oct 26 23:18:12 2016 
 ## 
 ## Equations:
 ## d_parent = - (alpha/beta) * 1/((time/beta) + 1) * parent
 ## 
 ## Model predictions using solution type analytical 
 ## 
-## Fitted with method Port using 81 model solutions performed in 0.19 s
+## Fitted with method Port using 81 model solutions performed in 0.191 s
 ## 
 ## Weighting: none
 ## 
@@ -309,17 +311,17 @@ FOCUS_2006_L2_mkin &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw"><a href="../re
 <p>The error level at which the <span class="math inline">\(\chi^2\)</span> test passes is much lower in this case. Therefore, the FOMC model provides a better description of the data, as less experimental error has to be assumed in order to explain the data.</p>
 </div>
 <div id="dfop-fit-for-l2" class="section level2">
-<h2>DFOP fit for L2</h2>
+<h2 class="hasAnchor"><html><body><a href="#dfop-fit-for-l2" class="anchor"> </a></body></html>DFOP fit for L2</h2>
 <p>Fitting the four parameter DFOP model further reduces the <span class="math inline">\(\chi^2\)</span> error level.</p>
 <div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r">m.L2.DFOP &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw"><a href="../reference/mkinfit.html">mkinfit</a></span>(<span class="st">"DFOP"</span>, FOCUS_2006_L2_mkin, <span class="dt">quiet =</span> <span class="ot">TRUE</span>)
 <span class="kw">plot</span>(m.L2.DFOP, <span class="dt">show_residuals =</span> <span class="ot">TRUE</span>, <span class="dt">show_errmin =</span> <span class="ot">TRUE</span>,
      <span class="dt">main =</span> <span class="st">"FOCUS L2 - DFOP"</span>)</code></pre></div>
-<p><img src="/home/jranke/git/mkin/docs/articles/FOCUS_L_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-10-1.png" width="672"></p>
+<p><img src="FOCUS_L_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-10-1.png" width="672"></p>
 <div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span class="kw">summary</span>(m.L2.DFOP, <span class="dt">data =</span> <span class="ot">FALSE</span>)</code></pre></div>
 <pre><code>## mkin version:    0.9.44.9000 
 ## R version:       3.3.1 
-## Date of fit:     Thu Oct  6 08:54:08 2016 
-## Date of summary: Thu Oct  6 08:54:08 2016 
+## Date of fit:     Wed Oct 26 23:18:13 2016 
+## Date of summary: Wed Oct 26 23:18:14 2016 
 ## 
 ## Equations:
 ## d_parent = - ((k1 * g * exp(-k1 * time) + k2 * (1 - g) * exp(-k2 *
@@ -328,7 +330,7 @@ FOCUS_2006_L2_mkin &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw"><a href="../re
 ## 
 ## Model predictions using solution type analytical 
 ## 
-## Fitted with method Port using 336 model solutions performed in 0.804 s
+## Fitted with method Port using 336 model solutions performed in 0.803 s
 ## 
 ## Weighting: none
 ## 
@@ -384,31 +386,31 @@ FOCUS_2006_L2_mkin &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw"><a href="../re
 </div>
 </div>
 <div id="laboratory-data-l3" class="section level1">
-<h1>Laboratory Data L3</h1>
+<h1 class="hasAnchor"><html><body><a href="#laboratory-data-l3" class="anchor"> </a></body></html>Laboratory Data L3</h1>
 <p>The following code defines example dataset L3 from the FOCUS kinetics report, p.&nbsp;290.</p>
 <div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r">FOCUS_2006_L3 =<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">data.frame</span>(
   <span class="dt">t =</span> <span class="kw">c</span>(<span class="dv">0</span>, <span class="dv">3</span>, <span class="dv">7</span>, <span class="dv">14</span>, <span class="dv">30</span>, <span class="dv">60</span>, <span class="dv">91</span>, <span class="dv">120</span>),
   <span class="dt">parent =</span> <span class="kw">c</span>(<span class="fl">97.8</span>, <span class="dv">60</span>, <span class="dv">51</span>, <span class="dv">43</span>, <span class="dv">35</span>, <span class="dv">22</span>, <span class="dv">15</span>, <span class="dv">12</span>))
 FOCUS_2006_L3_mkin &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw"><a href="../reference/mkin_wide_to_long.html">mkin_wide_to_long</a></span>(FOCUS_2006_L3)</code></pre></div>
 <div id="use-mmkin-to-fit-multiple-models" class="section level2">
-<h2>Use mmkin to fit multiple models</h2>
+<h2 class="hasAnchor"><html><body><a href="#use-mmkin-to-fit-multiple-models" class="anchor"> </a></body></html>Use mmkin to fit multiple models</h2>
 <p>As of mkin version 0.9-39 (June 2015), we can fit several models to one or more datasets in one call to the function <code>mmkin</code>. The datasets have to be passed in a list, in this case a named list holding only the L3 dataset prepared above.</p>
 <div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span class="co"># Only use one core here, not to offend the CRAN checks</span>
 mm.L3 &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw"><a href="../reference/mmkin.html">mmkin</a></span>(<span class="kw">c</span>(<span class="st">"SFO"</span>, <span class="st">"FOMC"</span>, <span class="st">"DFOP"</span>), <span class="dt">cores =</span> <span class="dv">1</span>,
                <span class="kw">list</span>(<span class="st">"FOCUS L3"</span> =<span class="st"> </span>FOCUS_2006_L3_mkin), <span class="dt">quiet =</span> <span class="ot">TRUE</span>)
 <span class="kw">plot</span>(mm.L3)</code></pre></div>
-<p><img src="/home/jranke/git/mkin/docs/articles/FOCUS_L_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-12-1.png" width="672"></p>
+<p><img src="FOCUS_L_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-12-1.png" width="672"></p>
 <p>The <span class="math inline">\(\chi^2\)</span> error level of 21% as well as the plot suggest that the SFO model does not fit very well. The FOMC model performs better, with an error level at which the <span class="math inline">\(\chi^2\)</span> test passes of 7%. Fitting the four parameter DFOP model further reduces the <span class="math inline">\(\chi^2\)</span> error level considerably.</p>
 </div>
 <div id="accessing-elements-of-mmkin-objects" class="section level2">
-<h2>Accessing elements of mmkin objects</h2>
+<h2 class="hasAnchor"><html><body><a href="#accessing-elements-of-mmkin-objects" class="anchor"> </a></body></html>Accessing elements of mmkin objects</h2>
 <p>The objects returned by mmkin are arranged like a matrix, with models as a row index and datasets as a column index.</p>
 <p>We can extract the summary and plot for <em>e.g.</em> the DFOP fit, using square brackets for indexing which will result in the use of the summary and plot functions working on mkinfit objects.</p>
 <div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span class="kw">summary</span>(mm.L3[[<span class="st">"DFOP"</span>, <span class="dv">1</span>]])</code></pre></div>
 <pre><code>## mkin version:    0.9.44.9000 
 ## R version:       3.3.1 
-## Date of fit:     Thu Oct  6 08:54:09 2016 
-## Date of summary: Thu Oct  6 08:54:09 2016 
+## Date of fit:     Wed Oct 26 23:18:15 2016 
+## Date of summary: Wed Oct 26 23:18:15 2016 
 ## 
 ## Equations:
 ## d_parent = - ((k1 * g * exp(-k1 * time) + k2 * (1 - g) * exp(-k2 *
@@ -417,7 +419,7 @@ mm.L3 &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw"><a href="../reference/mmkin
 ## 
 ## Model predictions using solution type analytical 
 ## 
-## Fitted with method Port using 137 model solutions performed in 0.319 s
+## Fitted with method Port using 137 model solutions performed in 0.323 s
 ## 
 ## Weighting: none
 ## 
@@ -484,13 +486,13 @@ mm.L3 &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw"><a href="../reference/mmkin
 ##    91   parent     15.0     15.18 -0.18181
 ##   120   parent     12.0     10.19  1.81395</code></pre>
 <div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span class="kw">plot</span>(mm.L3[[<span class="st">"DFOP"</span>, <span class="dv">1</span>]], <span class="dt">show_errmin =</span> <span class="ot">TRUE</span>)</code></pre></div>
-<p><img src="/home/jranke/git/mkin/docs/articles/FOCUS_L_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-13-1.png" width="672"></p>
+<p><img src="FOCUS_L_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-13-1.png" width="672"></p>
 <p>Here, a look to the model plot, the confidence intervals of the parameters and the correlation matrix suggest that the parameter estimates are reliable, and the DFOP model can be used as the best-fit model based on the <span class="math inline">\(\chi^2\)</span> error level criterion for laboratory data L3.</p>
 <p>This is also an example where the standard t-test for the parameter <code>g_ilr</code> is misleading, as it tests for a significant difference from zero. In this case, zero appears to be the correct value for this parameter, and the confidence interval for the backtransformed parameter <code>g</code> is quite narrow.</p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div id="laboratory-data-l4" class="section level1">
-<h1>Laboratory Data L4</h1>
+<h1 class="hasAnchor"><html><body><a href="#laboratory-data-l4" class="anchor"> </a></body></html>Laboratory Data L4</h1>
 <p>The following code defines example dataset L4 from the FOCUS kinetics report, p.&nbsp;293:</p>
 <div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r">FOCUS_2006_L4 =<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">data.frame</span>(
   <span class="dt">t =</span> <span class="kw">c</span>(<span class="dv">0</span>, <span class="dv">3</span>, <span class="dv">7</span>, <span class="dv">14</span>, <span class="dv">30</span>, <span class="dv">60</span>, <span class="dv">91</span>, <span class="dv">120</span>),
@@ -502,20 +504,20 @@ mm.L4 &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw"><a href="../reference/mmkin
                <span class="kw">list</span>(<span class="st">"FOCUS L4"</span> =<span class="st"> </span>FOCUS_2006_L4_mkin), 
                <span class="dt">quiet =</span> <span class="ot">TRUE</span>)
 <span class="kw">plot</span>(mm.L4)</code></pre></div>
-<p><img src="/home/jranke/git/mkin/docs/articles/FOCUS_L_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-15-1.png" width="672"></p>
+<p><img src="FOCUS_L_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-15-1.png" width="672"></p>
 <p>The <span class="math inline">\(\chi^2\)</span> error level of 3.3% as well as the plot suggest that the SFO model fits very well. The error level at which the <span class="math inline">\(\chi^2\)</span> test passes is slightly lower for the FOMC model. However, the difference appears negligible.</p>
 <div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span class="kw">summary</span>(mm.L4[[<span class="st">"SFO"</span>, <span class="dv">1</span>]], <span class="dt">data =</span> <span class="ot">FALSE</span>)</code></pre></div>
 <pre><code>## mkin version:    0.9.44.9000 
 ## R version:       3.3.1 
-## Date of fit:     Thu Oct  6 08:54:10 2016 
-## Date of summary: Thu Oct  6 08:54:10 2016 
+## Date of fit:     Wed Oct 26 23:18:15 2016 
+## Date of summary: Wed Oct 26 23:18:16 2016 
 ## 
 ## Equations:
 ## d_parent = - k_parent_sink * parent
 ## 
 ## Model predictions using solution type analytical 
 ## 
-## Fitted with method Port using 46 model solutions performed in 0.158 s
+## Fitted with method Port using 46 model solutions performed in 0.108 s
 ## 
 ## Weighting: none
 ## 
@@ -567,8 +569,8 @@ mm.L4 &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw"><a href="../reference/mmkin
 <div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span class="kw">summary</span>(mm.L4[[<span class="st">"FOMC"</span>, <span class="dv">1</span>]], <span class="dt">data =</span> <span class="ot">FALSE</span>)</code></pre></div>
 <pre><code>## mkin version:    0.9.44.9000 
 ## R version:       3.3.1 
-## Date of fit:     Thu Oct  6 08:54:10 2016 
-## Date of summary: Thu Oct  6 08:54:10 2016 
+## Date of fit:     Wed Oct 26 23:18:16 2016 
+## Date of summary: Wed Oct 26 23:18:16 2016 
 ## 
 ## Equations:
 ## d_parent = - (alpha/beta) * 1/((time/beta) + 1) * parent
@@ -627,16 +629,17 @@ mm.L4 &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw"><a href="../reference/mmkin
 ## parent 108.9 1644    494.9</code></pre>
 </div>
 <div id="references" class="section level1 unnumbered">
-<h1>References</h1>
+<h1 class="hasAnchor"><html><body><a href="#references" class="anchor"> </a></body></html>References</h1>
 <div id="refs" class="references">
 <div id="ref-ranke2014">
 <p>Ranke, Johannes. n.d. &ldquo;Pr&uuml;fung und Validierung von Modellierungssoftware als Alternative zu ModelMaker 4.0.&rdquo; Umweltbundesamt Projektnummer 27452.</p>
 </div>
 </div>
+</div>
 </div>
   </div>
 
-  <div class="col-md-3 hidden-xs">
+  <div class="col-md-3 hidden-xs hidden-sm" id="sidebar">
         <div id="tocnav">
       <h2>Contents</h2>
       <ul class="nav nav-pills nav-stacked"><li><a href="#laboratory-data-l1">Laboratory Data L1</a></li>
@@ -655,7 +658,14 @@ mm.L4 &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw"><a href="../reference/mmkin
 </div>
 
 
-      <footer><p>Built by <a href="http://hadley.github.io/pkgdown/">pkgdown</a>. Styled with <a href="http://getbootstrap.com">Bootstrap 3</a>.</p>
+      <footer><div class="copyright">
+  <p>Developed by Johannes Ranke, Eurofins Regulatory AG.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="pkgdown">
+  <p>Site built with <a href="http://hadley.github.io/pkgdown/">pkgdown</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
       </footer></div>
 
   </body></html>
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diff --git a/docs/articles/FOCUS_Z.R b/docs/articles/FOCUS_Z.R
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/articles/FOCUS_Z.R
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+## ----FOCUS_2006_Z_fits_1, echo=TRUE, fig.height=6-------------------
+Z.2a <- mkinmod(Z0 = mkinsub("SFO", "Z1"),
+                Z1 = mkinsub("SFO"))
+m.Z.2a <- mkinfit(Z.2a, FOCUS_2006_Z_mkin, quiet = TRUE)
+plot_sep(m.Z.2a)
+summary(m.Z.2a, data = FALSE)$bpar
+
+## ----FOCUS_2006_Z_fits_2, echo=TRUE, fig.height=6-------------------
+Z.2a.ff <- mkinmod(Z0 = mkinsub("SFO", "Z1"),
+                   Z1 = mkinsub("SFO"),
+                   use_of_ff = "max")
+
+m.Z.2a.ff <- mkinfit(Z.2a.ff, FOCUS_2006_Z_mkin, quiet = TRUE)
+plot_sep(m.Z.2a.ff)
+summary(m.Z.2a.ff, data = FALSE)$bpar
+
+## ----FOCUS_2006_Z_fits_3, echo=TRUE, fig.height=6-------------------
+Z.3 <- mkinmod(Z0 = mkinsub("SFO", "Z1", sink = FALSE),
+               Z1 = mkinsub("SFO"), use_of_ff = "max")
+m.Z.3 <- mkinfit(Z.3, FOCUS_2006_Z_mkin, quiet = TRUE)
+plot_sep(m.Z.3)
+summary(m.Z.3, data = FALSE)$bpar
+
+## ----FOCUS_2006_Z_fits_5, echo=TRUE, fig.height=7-------------------
+Z.5 <- mkinmod(Z0 = mkinsub("SFO", "Z1", sink = FALSE),
+               Z1 = mkinsub("SFO", "Z2", sink = FALSE),
+               Z2 = mkinsub("SFO"), use_of_ff = "max")
+m.Z.5 <- mkinfit(Z.5, FOCUS_2006_Z_mkin, quiet = TRUE)
+plot_sep(m.Z.5)
+
+## ----FOCUS_2006_Z_fits_6, echo=TRUE, fig.height=8-------------------
+Z.FOCUS <- mkinmod(Z0 = mkinsub("SFO", "Z1", sink = FALSE),
+                   Z1 = mkinsub("SFO", "Z2", sink = FALSE),
+                   Z2 = mkinsub("SFO", "Z3"),
+                   Z3 = mkinsub("SFO"), 
+                   use_of_ff = "max")
+m.Z.FOCUS <- mkinfit(Z.FOCUS, FOCUS_2006_Z_mkin, 
+                     parms.ini = m.Z.5$bparms.ode,
+                     quiet = TRUE)
+plot_sep(m.Z.FOCUS)
+summary(m.Z.FOCUS, data = FALSE)$bpar
+endpoints(m.Z.FOCUS)
+
+## ----FOCUS_2006_Z_fits_7, echo=TRUE, fig.height=8-------------------
+Z.mkin.1 <- mkinmod(Z0 = mkinsub("SFO", "Z1", sink = FALSE),
+                    Z1 = mkinsub("SFO", "Z2", sink = FALSE),
+                    Z2 = mkinsub("SFO", "Z3"),
+                    Z3 = mkinsub("SFORB"))
+m.Z.mkin.1 <- mkinfit(Z.mkin.1, FOCUS_2006_Z_mkin, quiet = TRUE)
+plot_sep(m.Z.mkin.1)
+summary(m.Z.mkin.1, data = FALSE)$cov.unscaled
+
+## ----FOCUS_2006_Z_fits_9, echo=TRUE, fig.height=8-------------------
+Z.mkin.3 <- mkinmod(Z0 = mkinsub("SFORB", "Z1", sink = FALSE),
+                    Z1 = mkinsub("SFO", "Z2", sink = FALSE),
+                    Z2 = mkinsub("SFO"))
+m.Z.mkin.3 <- mkinfit(Z.mkin.3, FOCUS_2006_Z_mkin, quiet = TRUE)
+plot_sep(m.Z.mkin.3)
+
+## ----FOCUS_2006_Z_fits_10, echo=TRUE, fig.height=8------------------
+Z.mkin.4 <- mkinmod(Z0 = mkinsub("SFORB", "Z1", sink = FALSE),
+                    Z1 = mkinsub("SFO", "Z2", sink = FALSE),
+                    Z2 = mkinsub("SFO", "Z3"),
+                    Z3 = mkinsub("SFO"))
+m.Z.mkin.4 <- mkinfit(Z.mkin.4, FOCUS_2006_Z_mkin, 
+                      parms.ini = m.Z.mkin.3$bparms.ode,
+                      quiet = TRUE)
+plot_sep(m.Z.mkin.4)
+
+## ----FOCUS_2006_Z_fits_11, echo=TRUE, fig.height=8------------------
+Z.mkin.5 <- mkinmod(Z0 = mkinsub("SFORB", "Z1", sink = FALSE),
+                    Z1 = mkinsub("SFO", "Z2", sink = FALSE),
+                    Z2 = mkinsub("SFO", "Z3"),
+                    Z3 = mkinsub("SFORB"))
+m.Z.mkin.5 <- mkinfit(Z.mkin.5, FOCUS_2006_Z_mkin, 
+                      parms.ini = m.Z.mkin.4$bparms.ode[1:4],
+                      quiet = TRUE)
+plot_sep(m.Z.mkin.5)
+
+## ----FOCUS_2006_Z_fits_11a, echo=TRUE-------------------------------
+m.Z.mkin.5a <- mkinfit(Z.mkin.5, FOCUS_2006_Z_mkin, 
+                       parms.ini = c(m.Z.mkin.5$bparms.ode[1:7],
+                                     k_Z3_bound_free = 0),
+                       fixed_parms = "k_Z3_bound_free",
+                       quiet = TRUE)
+plot_sep(m.Z.mkin.5a)
+
+## ----FOCUS_2006_Z_fits_11b, echo=TRUE-------------------------------
+mkinparplot(m.Z.mkin.5a)
+
+## ----FOCUS_2006_Z_fits_11b_endpoints, echo=TRUE---------------------
+endpoints(m.Z.mkin.5a)
+
diff --git a/docs/articles/FOCUS_Z.Rnw b/docs/articles/FOCUS_Z.Rnw
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/articles/FOCUS_Z.Rnw
@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+%\VignetteIndexEntry{Example evaluation of FOCUS dataset Z}
+%\VignetteEngine{knitr::knitr}
+\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{article}
+\usepackage{a4wide}
+\input{header}
+\hypersetup{  
+  pdftitle = {Example evaluation of FOCUS dataset Z},
+  pdfsubject = {Manuscript},
+  pdfauthor = {Johannes Ranke},
+  colorlinks = {true},
+  linkcolor = {blue},
+  citecolor = {blue},
+  urlcolor = {red},
+  hyperindex = {true},
+  linktocpage = {true},
+}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+<<include=FALSE>>=
+require(knitr)
+opts_chunk$set(engine='R', tidy = FALSE, cache = TRUE)
+options(width=70)
+@
+
+\title{Example evaluation of FOCUS dataset Z}
+\author{\textbf{Johannes Ranke} \\[0.5cm]
+%EndAName
+Wissenschaftlicher Berater\\
+Kronacher Str. 8, 79639 Grenzach-Wyhlen, Germany\\[0.5cm]
+and\\[0.5cm]
+University of Bremen\\
+}
+\maketitle
+
+\thispagestyle{empty} \setcounter{page}{0}
+
+\clearpage
+
+\tableofcontents
+
+\textbf{Key words}: Kinetics, FOCUS, nonlinear optimisation
+
+\section{The data}
+
+The following code defines the example dataset from Appendix 7 to the FOCUS kinetics
+report \citep{FOCUSkinetics2011}, p.350.
+
+<<FOCUS_2006_Z_data, echo=TRUE, eval=TRUE>>=
+require(mkin)
+LOD = 0.5
+FOCUS_2006_Z = data.frame(
+  t = c(0, 0.04, 0.125, 0.29, 0.54, 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 10, 14, 21, 
+        42, 61, 96, 124),
+  Z0 = c(100, 81.7, 70.4, 51.1, 41.2, 6.6, 4.6, 3.9, 4.6, 4.3, 6.8, 
+         2.9, 3.5, 5.3, 4.4, 1.2, 0.7),
+  Z1 = c(0, 18.3, 29.6, 46.3, 55.1, 65.7, 39.1, 36, 15.3, 5.6, 1.1, 
+         1.6, 0.6, 0.5 * LOD, NA, NA, NA),
+  Z2 = c(0, NA, 0.5 * LOD, 2.6, 3.8, 15.3, 37.2, 31.7, 35.6, 14.5, 
+         0.8, 2.1, 1.9, 0.5 * LOD, NA, NA, NA),
+  Z3 = c(0, NA, NA, NA, NA, 0.5 * LOD, 9.2, 13.1, 22.3, 28.4, 32.5, 
+         25.2, 17.2, 4.8, 4.5, 2.8, 4.4))
+
+FOCUS_2006_Z_mkin <- mkin_wide_to_long(FOCUS_2006_Z)
+@
+
+\section{Parent compound and one metabolite}
+
+The next step is to set up the models used for the kinetic analysis. As the 
+simultaneous fit of parent and the first metabolite is usually straightforward,
+Step 1 (SFO for parent only) is skipped here. We start with the model 2a, 
+with formation and decline of metabolite Z1 and the pathway from parent
+directly to sink included (default in mkin).
+
+<<FOCUS_2006_Z_fits_1, echo=TRUE, fig.height=6>>=
+Z.2a <- mkinmod(Z0 = mkinsub("SFO", "Z1"),
+                Z1 = mkinsub("SFO"))
+m.Z.2a <- mkinfit(Z.2a, FOCUS_2006_Z_mkin, quiet = TRUE)
+plot_sep(m.Z.2a)
+summary(m.Z.2a, data = FALSE)$bpar
+@
+
+As obvious from the parameter summary (the \texttt{bpar} component of the 
+summary), the kinetic rate constant from parent compound Z to sink
+is negligible. Accordingly, the exact magnitude of the fitted parameter 
+\texttt{log k\_Z0\_sink} is ill-defined and the covariance matrix is not
+returned (not shown, would be visible in the complete summary). 
+This suggests, in agreement with the analysis in the FOCUS kinetics report, to
+simplify the model by removing the pathway to sink.
+
+A similar result can be obtained when formation fractions are used in the model 
+formulation:
+
+<<FOCUS_2006_Z_fits_2, echo=TRUE, fig.height=6>>=
+Z.2a.ff <- mkinmod(Z0 = mkinsub("SFO", "Z1"),
+                   Z1 = mkinsub("SFO"),
+                   use_of_ff = "max")
+
+m.Z.2a.ff <- mkinfit(Z.2a.ff, FOCUS_2006_Z_mkin, quiet = TRUE)
+plot_sep(m.Z.2a.ff)
+summary(m.Z.2a.ff, data = FALSE)$bpar
+@
+
+Here, the ilr transformed formation fraction fitted in the model takes a very
+large value, and the backtransformed formation fraction from parent Z to Z1 is
+practically unity. Again, the covariance matrix is not returned as the model is
+overparameterised. 
+
+The simplified model is obtained by setting the list component \texttt{sink} to
+\texttt{FALSE}.\footnote{If the model formulation without formation fractions
+is used, the same effect can be obtained by fixing the parameter \texttt{k\_Z\_sink}
+to a value of zero.} 
+
+In the following, we use the parameterisation with formation fractions in order
+to be able to compare with the results in the FOCUS guidance, and as it 
+makes it easier to use parameters obtained in a previous fit when adding a further 
+metabolite.
+
+<<FOCUS_2006_Z_fits_3, echo=TRUE, fig.height=6>>=
+Z.3 <- mkinmod(Z0 = mkinsub("SFO", "Z1", sink = FALSE),
+               Z1 = mkinsub("SFO"), use_of_ff = "max")
+m.Z.3 <- mkinfit(Z.3, FOCUS_2006_Z_mkin, quiet = TRUE)
+plot_sep(m.Z.3)
+summary(m.Z.3, data = FALSE)$bpar
+@
+
+As there is only one transformation product for Z0 and no pathway
+to sink, the formation fraction is internally fixed to unity.
+
+\section{Including metabolites Z2 and Z3}
+
+As suggested in the FOCUS report, the pathway to sink was removed for metabolite Z1 as
+well in the next step. While this step appears questionable on the basis of the above results, it 
+is followed here for the purpose of comparison. Also, in the FOCUS report, it is 
+assumed that there is additional empirical evidence that Z1 quickly and exclusively
+hydrolyses to Z2. 
+
+<<FOCUS_2006_Z_fits_5, echo=TRUE, fig.height=7>>=
+Z.5 <- mkinmod(Z0 = mkinsub("SFO", "Z1", sink = FALSE),
+               Z1 = mkinsub("SFO", "Z2", sink = FALSE),
+               Z2 = mkinsub("SFO"), use_of_ff = "max")
+m.Z.5 <- mkinfit(Z.5, FOCUS_2006_Z_mkin, quiet = TRUE)
+plot_sep(m.Z.5)
+@
+
+Finally, metabolite Z3 is added to the model. We use the optimised
+differential equation parameter values from the previous fit in order to
+accelerate the optimization.
+
+<<FOCUS_2006_Z_fits_6, echo=TRUE, fig.height=8>>=
+Z.FOCUS <- mkinmod(Z0 = mkinsub("SFO", "Z1", sink = FALSE),
+                   Z1 = mkinsub("SFO", "Z2", sink = FALSE),
+                   Z2 = mkinsub("SFO", "Z3"),
+                   Z3 = mkinsub("SFO"), 
+                   use_of_ff = "max")
+m.Z.FOCUS <- mkinfit(Z.FOCUS, FOCUS_2006_Z_mkin, 
+                     parms.ini = m.Z.5$bparms.ode,
+                     quiet = TRUE)
+plot_sep(m.Z.FOCUS)
+summary(m.Z.FOCUS, data = FALSE)$bpar
+endpoints(m.Z.FOCUS)
+@
+
+This fit corresponds to the final result chosen in Appendix 7 of the FOCUS
+report. Confidence intervals returned by mkin are based on internally
+transformed parameters, however.
+
+\section{Using the SFORB model for parent and metabolites}
+
+As the FOCUS report states, there is a certain tailing of the time course of metabolite 
+Z3. Also, the time course of the parent compound is not fitted very well using the 
+SFO model, as residues at a certain low level remain.
+
+Therefore, an additional model is offered here, using the single first-order 
+reversible binding (SFORB) model for metabolite Z3. As expected, the $\chi^2$
+error level is lower for metabolite Z3 using this model and the graphical 
+fit for Z3 is improved. However, the covariance matrix is not returned.
+
+<<FOCUS_2006_Z_fits_7, echo=TRUE, fig.height=8>>=
+Z.mkin.1 <- mkinmod(Z0 = mkinsub("SFO", "Z1", sink = FALSE),
+                    Z1 = mkinsub("SFO", "Z2", sink = FALSE),
+                    Z2 = mkinsub("SFO", "Z3"),
+                    Z3 = mkinsub("SFORB"))
+m.Z.mkin.1 <- mkinfit(Z.mkin.1, FOCUS_2006_Z_mkin, quiet = TRUE)
+plot_sep(m.Z.mkin.1)
+summary(m.Z.mkin.1, data = FALSE)$cov.unscaled
+@
+
+Therefore, a further stepwise model building is performed starting from the
+stage of parent and two metabolites, starting from the assumption that the model
+fit for the parent compound can be improved by using the SFORB model.
+
+<<FOCUS_2006_Z_fits_9, echo=TRUE, fig.height=8>>=
+Z.mkin.3 <- mkinmod(Z0 = mkinsub("SFORB", "Z1", sink = FALSE),
+                    Z1 = mkinsub("SFO", "Z2", sink = FALSE),
+                    Z2 = mkinsub("SFO"))
+m.Z.mkin.3 <- mkinfit(Z.mkin.3, FOCUS_2006_Z_mkin, quiet = TRUE)
+plot_sep(m.Z.mkin.3)
+@
+
+This results in a much better representation of the behaviour of the parent 
+compound Z0.
+
+Finally, Z3 is added as well. These models appear overparameterised (no
+covariance matrix returned) if the sink for Z1 is left in the models.
+
+<<FOCUS_2006_Z_fits_10, echo=TRUE, fig.height=8>>=
+Z.mkin.4 <- mkinmod(Z0 = mkinsub("SFORB", "Z1", sink = FALSE),
+                    Z1 = mkinsub("SFO", "Z2", sink = FALSE),
+                    Z2 = mkinsub("SFO", "Z3"),
+                    Z3 = mkinsub("SFO"))
+m.Z.mkin.4 <- mkinfit(Z.mkin.4, FOCUS_2006_Z_mkin, 
+                      parms.ini = m.Z.mkin.3$bparms.ode,
+                      quiet = TRUE)
+plot_sep(m.Z.mkin.4)
+@
+
+The error level of the fit, but especially of metabolite Z3, can be improved if
+the SFORB model is chosen for this metabolite, as this model is capable of
+representing the tailing of the metabolite decline phase.
+
+<<FOCUS_2006_Z_fits_11, echo=TRUE, fig.height=8>>=
+Z.mkin.5 <- mkinmod(Z0 = mkinsub("SFORB", "Z1", sink = FALSE),
+                    Z1 = mkinsub("SFO", "Z2", sink = FALSE),
+                    Z2 = mkinsub("SFO", "Z3"),
+                    Z3 = mkinsub("SFORB"))
+m.Z.mkin.5 <- mkinfit(Z.mkin.5, FOCUS_2006_Z_mkin, 
+                      parms.ini = m.Z.mkin.4$bparms.ode[1:4],
+                      quiet = TRUE)
+plot_sep(m.Z.mkin.5)
+@
+
+The summary view of the backtransformed parameters shows that we get no
+confidence intervals due to overparameterisation. As the optimized
+\texttt{k\_Z3\_bound\_free} is excessively small, it seems reasonable to fix it to
+zero. 
+
+<<FOCUS_2006_Z_fits_11a, echo=TRUE>>=
+m.Z.mkin.5a <- mkinfit(Z.mkin.5, FOCUS_2006_Z_mkin, 
+                       parms.ini = c(m.Z.mkin.5$bparms.ode[1:7],
+                                     k_Z3_bound_free = 0),
+                       fixed_parms = "k_Z3_bound_free",
+                       quiet = TRUE)
+plot_sep(m.Z.mkin.5a)
+@
+
+As expected, the residual plots for Z0 and Z3 are more random than in the case of the 
+all SFO model for which they were shown above. In conclusion, the model
+\texttt{Z.mkin.5a} is proposed as the best-fit model for the dataset from
+Appendix 7 of the FOCUS report.
+
+A graphical representation of the confidence intervals can finally be obtained.
+
+<<FOCUS_2006_Z_fits_11b, echo=TRUE>>=
+mkinparplot(m.Z.mkin.5a)
+@
+
+The endpoints obtained with this model are
+
+<<FOCUS_2006_Z_fits_11b_endpoints, echo=TRUE>>=
+endpoints(m.Z.mkin.5a)
+@
+
+It is clear the degradation rate of Z3 towards the end of the experiment 
+is very low as DT50\_Z3\_b2 (the second Eigenvalue of the system of two differential 
+equations representing the SFORB system for Z3, corresponding to the slower rate
+constant of the DFOP model) is reported to be infinity.  However, this appears
+to be a feature of the data.
+
+\bibliographystyle{plainnat}
+\bibliography{references}
+
+\end{document}
+% vim: set foldmethod=syntax:
diff --git a/docs/articles/FOCUS_Z.aux b/docs/articles/FOCUS_Z.aux
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f997f2d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/articles/FOCUS_Z.aux
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+\relax 
+\providecommand\hyper@newdestlabel[2]{}
+\providecommand\HyperFirstAtBeginDocument{\AtBeginDocument}
+\HyperFirstAtBeginDocument{\ifx\hyper@anchor\@undefined
+\global\let\oldcontentsline\contentsline
+\gdef\contentsline#1#2#3#4{\oldcontentsline{#1}{#2}{#3}}
+\global\let\oldnewlabel\newlabel
+\gdef\newlabel#1#2{\newlabelxx{#1}#2}
+\gdef\newlabelxx#1#2#3#4#5#6{\oldnewlabel{#1}{{#2}{#3}}}
+\AtEndDocument{\ifx\hyper@anchor\@undefined
+\let\contentsline\oldcontentsline
+\let\newlabel\oldnewlabel
+\fi}
+\fi}
+\global\let\hyper@last\relax 
+\gdef\HyperFirstAtBeginDocument#1{#1}
+\providecommand\HyField@AuxAddToFields[1]{}
+\providecommand\HyField@AuxAddToCoFields[2]{}
+\citation{FOCUSkinetics2011}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1}The data}{1}{section.1}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2}Parent compound and one metabolite}{2}{section.2}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3}Including metabolites Z2 and Z3}{8}{section.3}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4}Using the SFORB model for parent and metabolites}{12}{section.4}}
+\bibstyle{plainnat}
+\bibdata{references}
+\bibcite{FOCUSkinetics2011}{{1}{2011}{{FOCUS Work Group on Degradation Kinetics}}{{}}}
diff --git a/docs/articles/FOCUS_Z.bbl b/docs/articles/FOCUS_Z.bbl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..451497c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/articles/FOCUS_Z.bbl
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+\begin{thebibliography}{1}
+\providecommand{\natexlab}[1]{#1}
+\providecommand{\url}[1]{\texttt{#1}}
+\expandafter\ifx\csname urlstyle\endcsname\relax
+  \providecommand{\doi}[1]{doi: #1}\else
+  \providecommand{\doi}{doi: \begingroup \urlstyle{rm}\Url}\fi
+
+\bibitem[{FOCUS Work Group on Degradation Kinetics}(2011)]{FOCUSkinetics2011}
+{FOCUS Work Group on Degradation Kinetics}.
+\newblock \emph{Generic guidance for estimating persistence and degradation
+  kinetics from environmental fate studies on pesticides in EU registration},
+  1.0 edition, November 2011.
+\newblock URL \url{http://focus.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dk}.
+
+\end{thebibliography}
diff --git a/docs/articles/FOCUS_Z.blg b/docs/articles/FOCUS_Z.blg
new file mode 100644
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diff --git a/docs/articles/FOCUS_Z.out b/docs/articles/FOCUS_Z.out
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+\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.1}{The data}{}% 1
+\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.2}{Parent compound and one metabolite}{}% 2
+\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.3}{Including metabolites Z2 and Z3}{}% 3
+\BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.4}{Using the SFORB model for parent and metabolites}{}% 4
diff --git a/docs/articles/FOCUS_Z.pdf b/docs/articles/FOCUS_Z.pdf
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+%\VignetteIndexEntry{Example evaluation of FOCUS dataset Z}
+%\VignetteEngine{knitr::knitr}
+\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{article}\usepackage[]{graphicx}\usepackage[]{color}
+%% maxwidth is the original width if it is less than linewidth
+%% otherwise use linewidth (to make sure the graphics do not exceed the margin)
+\makeatletter
+\def\maxwidth{ %
+  \ifdim\Gin@nat@width>\linewidth
+    \linewidth
+  \else
+    \Gin@nat@width
+  \fi
+}
+\makeatother
+
+\definecolor{fgcolor}{rgb}{0.345, 0.345, 0.345}
+\newcommand{\hlnum}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.686,0.059,0.569}{#1}}%
+\newcommand{\hlstr}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.192,0.494,0.8}{#1}}%
+\newcommand{\hlcom}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.678,0.584,0.686}{\textit{#1}}}%
+\newcommand{\hlopt}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0,0,0}{#1}}%
+\newcommand{\hlstd}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.345,0.345,0.345}{#1}}%
+\newcommand{\hlkwa}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.161,0.373,0.58}{\textbf{#1}}}%
+\newcommand{\hlkwb}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.69,0.353,0.396}{#1}}%
+\newcommand{\hlkwc}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.333,0.667,0.333}{#1}}%
+\newcommand{\hlkwd}[1]{\textcolor[rgb]{0.737,0.353,0.396}{\textbf{#1}}}%
+\let\hlipl\hlkwb
+
+\usepackage{framed}
+\makeatletter
+\newenvironment{kframe}{%
+ \def\at@end@of@kframe{}%
+ \ifinner\ifhmode%
+  \def\at@end@of@kframe{\end{minipage}}%
+  \begin{minipage}{\columnwidth}%
+ \fi\fi%
+ \def\FrameCommand##1{\hskip\@totalleftmargin \hskip-\fboxsep
+ \colorbox{shadecolor}{##1}\hskip-\fboxsep
+     % There is no \\@totalrightmargin, so:
+     \hskip-\linewidth \hskip-\@totalleftmargin \hskip\columnwidth}%
+ \MakeFramed {\advance\hsize-\width
+   \@totalleftmargin\z@ \linewidth\hsize
+   \@setminipage}}%
+ {\par\unskip\endMakeFramed%
+ \at@end@of@kframe}
+\makeatother
+
+\definecolor{shadecolor}{rgb}{.97, .97, .97}
+\definecolor{messagecolor}{rgb}{0, 0, 0}
+\definecolor{warningcolor}{rgb}{1, 0, 1}
+\definecolor{errorcolor}{rgb}{1, 0, 0}
+\newenvironment{knitrout}{}{} % an empty environment to be redefined in TeX
+
+\usepackage{alltt}
+\usepackage{a4wide}
+\input{header}
+\hypersetup{  
+  pdftitle = {Example evaluation of FOCUS dataset Z},
+  pdfsubject = {Manuscript},
+  pdfauthor = {Johannes Ranke},
+  colorlinks = {true},
+  linkcolor = {blue},
+  citecolor = {blue},
+  urlcolor = {red},
+  hyperindex = {true},
+  linktocpage = {true},
+}
+\IfFileExists{upquote.sty}{\usepackage{upquote}}{}
+\begin{document}
+
+
+
+\title{Example evaluation of FOCUS dataset Z}
+\author{\textbf{Johannes Ranke} \\[0.5cm]
+%EndAName
+Wissenschaftlicher Berater\\
+Kronacher Str. 8, 79639 Grenzach-Wyhlen, Germany\\[0.5cm]
+and\\[0.5cm]
+University of Bremen\\
+}
+\maketitle
+
+\thispagestyle{empty} \setcounter{page}{0}
+
+\clearpage
+
+\tableofcontents
+
+\textbf{Key words}: Kinetics, FOCUS, nonlinear optimisation
+
+\section{The data}
+
+The following code defines the example dataset from Appendix 7 to the FOCUS kinetics
+report \citep{FOCUSkinetics2011}, p.350.
+
+\begin{knitrout}
+\definecolor{shadecolor}{rgb}{0.969, 0.969, 0.969}\color{fgcolor}\begin{kframe}
+\begin{alltt}
+\hlkwd{require}\hlstd{(mkin)}
+\end{alltt}
+
+
+{\ttfamily\noindent\itshape\color{messagecolor}{\#\# Loading required package: mkin}}
+
+{\ttfamily\noindent\itshape\color{messagecolor}{\#\# Loading required package: minpack.lm}}
+
+{\ttfamily\noindent\itshape\color{messagecolor}{\#\# Loading required package: rootSolve}}
+
+{\ttfamily\noindent\itshape\color{messagecolor}{\#\# Loading required package: inline}}
+
+{\ttfamily\noindent\itshape\color{messagecolor}{\#\# Loading required package: methods}}
+
+{\ttfamily\noindent\itshape\color{messagecolor}{\#\# Loading required package: parallel}}\begin{alltt}
+\hlstd{LOD} \hlkwb{=} \hlnum{0.5}
+\hlstd{FOCUS_2006_Z} \hlkwb{=} \hlkwd{data.frame}\hlstd{(}
+  \hlkwc{t} \hlstd{=} \hlkwd{c}\hlstd{(}\hlnum{0}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{0.04}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{0.125}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{0.29}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{0.54}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{1}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{2}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{3}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{4}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{7}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{10}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{14}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{21}\hlstd{,}
+        \hlnum{42}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{61}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{96}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{124}\hlstd{),}
+  \hlkwc{Z0} \hlstd{=} \hlkwd{c}\hlstd{(}\hlnum{100}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{81.7}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{70.4}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{51.1}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{41.2}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{6.6}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{4.6}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{3.9}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{4.6}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{4.3}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{6.8}\hlstd{,}
+         \hlnum{2.9}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{3.5}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{5.3}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{4.4}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{1.2}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{0.7}\hlstd{),}
+  \hlkwc{Z1} \hlstd{=} \hlkwd{c}\hlstd{(}\hlnum{0}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{18.3}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{29.6}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{46.3}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{55.1}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{65.7}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{39.1}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{36}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{15.3}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{5.6}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{1.1}\hlstd{,}
+         \hlnum{1.6}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{0.6}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{0.5} \hlopt{*} \hlstd{LOD,} \hlnum{NA}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{NA}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{NA}\hlstd{),}
+  \hlkwc{Z2} \hlstd{=} \hlkwd{c}\hlstd{(}\hlnum{0}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{NA}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{0.5} \hlopt{*} \hlstd{LOD,} \hlnum{2.6}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{3.8}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{15.3}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{37.2}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{31.7}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{35.6}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{14.5}\hlstd{,}
+         \hlnum{0.8}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{2.1}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{1.9}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{0.5} \hlopt{*} \hlstd{LOD,} \hlnum{NA}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{NA}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{NA}\hlstd{),}
+  \hlkwc{Z3} \hlstd{=} \hlkwd{c}\hlstd{(}\hlnum{0}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{NA}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{NA}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{NA}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{NA}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{0.5} \hlopt{*} \hlstd{LOD,} \hlnum{9.2}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{13.1}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{22.3}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{28.4}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{32.5}\hlstd{,}
+         \hlnum{25.2}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{17.2}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{4.8}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{4.5}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{2.8}\hlstd{,} \hlnum{4.4}\hlstd{))}
+
+\hlstd{FOCUS_2006_Z_mkin} \hlkwb{<-} \hlkwd{mkin_wide_to_long}\hlstd{(FOCUS_2006_Z)}
+\end{alltt}
+\end{kframe}
+\end{knitrout}
+
+\section{Parent compound and one metabolite}
+
+The next step is to set up the models used for the kinetic analysis. As the 
+simultaneous fit of parent and the first metabolite is usually straightforward,
+Step 1 (SFO for parent only) is skipped here. We start with the model 2a, 
+with formation and decline of metabolite Z1 and the pathway from parent
+directly to sink included (default in mkin).
+
+\begin{knitrout}
+\definecolor{shadecolor}{rgb}{0.969, 0.969, 0.969}\color{fgcolor}\begin{kframe}
+\begin{alltt}
+\hlstd{Z.2a} \hlkwb{<-} \hlkwd{mkinmod}\hlstd{(}\hlkwc{Z0} \hlstd{=} \hlkwd{mkinsub}\hlstd{(}\hlstr{"SFO"}\hlstd{,} \hlstr{"Z1"}\hlstd{),}
+                \hlkwc{Z1} \hlstd{=} \hlkwd{mkinsub}\hlstd{(}\hlstr{"SFO"}\hlstd{))}
+\end{alltt}
+\begin{verbatim}
+## make[1]: warning: jobserver unavailable: using -j1.  Add '+' to parent make rule.
+\end{verbatim}
+
+
+{\ttfamily\noindent\itshape\color{messagecolor}{\#\# Successfully compiled differential equation model from auto-generated C code.}}\begin{alltt}
+\hlstd{m.Z.2a} \hlkwb{<-} \hlkwd{mkinfit}\hlstd{(Z.2a, FOCUS_2006_Z_mkin,} \hlkwc{quiet} \hlstd{=} \hlnum{TRUE}\hlstd{)}
+\hlkwd{plot_sep}\hlstd{(m.Z.2a)}
+\end{alltt}
+\end{kframe}
+\includegraphics[width=\maxwidth]{figure/FOCUS_2006_Z_fits_1-1} 
+\begin{kframe}\begin{alltt}
+\hlkwd{summary}\hlstd{(m.Z.2a,} \hlkwc{data} \hlstd{=} \hlnum{FALSE}\hlstd{)}\hlopt{$}\hlstd{bpar}
+\end{alltt}
+\begin{verbatim}
+##               Estimate se_notrans      t value       Pr(>t)
+## Z0_0      9.701488e+01 3.55313691 2.730401e+01 1.679214e-21
+## k_Z0_sink 1.281376e-11 0.22689470 5.647447e-11 5.000000e-01
+## k_Z0_Z1   2.236006e+00 0.16507604 1.354531e+01 7.396594e-14
+## k_Z1_sink 4.821248e-01 0.06585369 7.321150e+00 3.552015e-08
+##                Lower       Upper
+## Z0_0      91.4058170 102.6239462
+## k_Z0_sink  0.0000000         Inf
+## k_Z0_Z1    1.8419826   2.7143172
+## k_Z1_sink  0.4005856   0.5802613
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{kframe}
+\end{knitrout}
+
+As obvious from the parameter summary (the \texttt{bpar} component of the 
+summary), the kinetic rate constant from parent compound Z to sink
+is negligible. Accordingly, the exact magnitude of the fitted parameter 
+\texttt{log k\_Z0\_sink} is ill-defined and the covariance matrix is not
+returned (not shown, would be visible in the complete summary). 
+This suggests, in agreement with the analysis in the FOCUS kinetics report, to
+simplify the model by removing the pathway to sink.
+
+A similar result can be obtained when formation fractions are used in the model 
+formulation:
+
+\begin{knitrout}
+\definecolor{shadecolor}{rgb}{0.969, 0.969, 0.969}\color{fgcolor}\begin{kframe}
+\begin{alltt}
+\hlstd{Z.2a.ff} \hlkwb{<-} \hlkwd{mkinmod}\hlstd{(}\hlkwc{Z0} \hlstd{=} \hlkwd{mkinsub}\hlstd{(}\hlstr{"SFO"}\hlstd{,} \hlstr{"Z1"}\hlstd{),}
+                   \hlkwc{Z1} \hlstd{=} \hlkwd{mkinsub}\hlstd{(}\hlstr{"SFO"}\hlstd{),}
+                   \hlkwc{use_of_ff} \hlstd{=} \hlstr{"max"}\hlstd{)}
+\end{alltt}
+\begin{verbatim}
+## make[1]: warning: jobserver unavailable: using -j1.  Add '+' to parent make rule.
+\end{verbatim}
+
+
+{\ttfamily\noindent\itshape\color{messagecolor}{\#\# Successfully compiled differential equation model from auto-generated C code.}}\begin{alltt}
+\hlstd{m.Z.2a.ff} \hlkwb{<-} \hlkwd{mkinfit}\hlstd{(Z.2a.ff, FOCUS_2006_Z_mkin,} \hlkwc{quiet} \hlstd{=} \hlnum{TRUE}\hlstd{)}
+\hlkwd{plot_sep}\hlstd{(m.Z.2a.ff)}
+\end{alltt}
+\end{kframe}
+\includegraphics[width=\maxwidth]{figure/FOCUS_2006_Z_fits_2-1} 
+\begin{kframe}\begin{alltt}
+\hlkwd{summary}\hlstd{(m.Z.2a.ff,} \hlkwc{data} \hlstd{=} \hlnum{FALSE}\hlstd{)}\hlopt{$}\hlstd{bpar}
+\end{alltt}
+\begin{verbatim}
+##              Estimate se_notrans   t value       Pr(>t)      Lower
+## Z0_0       97.0148812 3.55314944 27.303912 1.679369e-21 91.3287912
+## k_Z0        2.2360064 0.21684747 10.311425 3.661846e-11  1.8052909
+## k_Z1        0.4821248 0.06585372  7.321147 3.552045e-08  0.3996826
+## f_Z0_to_Z1  1.0000000 0.10147342  9.854798 9.707056e-11  0.0000000
+##                  Upper
+## Z0_0       102.7009713
+## k_Z0         2.7694843
+## k_Z1         0.5815722
+## f_Z0_to_Z1   1.0000000
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{kframe}
+\end{knitrout}
+
+Here, the ilr transformed formation fraction fitted in the model takes a very
+large value, and the backtransformed formation fraction from parent Z to Z1 is
+practically unity. Again, the covariance matrix is not returned as the model is
+overparameterised. 
+
+The simplified model is obtained by setting the list component \texttt{sink} to
+\texttt{FALSE}.\footnote{If the model formulation without formation fractions
+is used, the same effect can be obtained by fixing the parameter \texttt{k\_Z\_sink}
+to a value of zero.} 
+
+In the following, we use the parameterisation with formation fractions in order
+to be able to compare with the results in the FOCUS guidance, and as it 
+makes it easier to use parameters obtained in a previous fit when adding a further 
+metabolite.
+
+\begin{knitrout}
+\definecolor{shadecolor}{rgb}{0.969, 0.969, 0.969}\color{fgcolor}\begin{kframe}
+\begin{alltt}
+\hlstd{Z.3} \hlkwb{<-} \hlkwd{mkinmod}\hlstd{(}\hlkwc{Z0} \hlstd{=} \hlkwd{mkinsub}\hlstd{(}\hlstr{"SFO"}\hlstd{,} \hlstr{"Z1"}\hlstd{,} \hlkwc{sink} \hlstd{=} \hlnum{FALSE}\hlstd{),}
+               \hlkwc{Z1} \hlstd{=} \hlkwd{mkinsub}\hlstd{(}\hlstr{"SFO"}\hlstd{),} \hlkwc{use_of_ff} \hlstd{=} \hlstr{"max"}\hlstd{)}
+\end{alltt}
+\begin{verbatim}
+## make[1]: warning: jobserver unavailable: using -j1.  Add '+' to parent make rule.
+\end{verbatim}
+
+
+{\ttfamily\noindent\itshape\color{messagecolor}{\#\# Successfully compiled differential equation model from auto-generated C code.}}\begin{alltt}
+\hlstd{m.Z.3} \hlkwb{<-} \hlkwd{mkinfit}\hlstd{(Z.3, FOCUS_2006_Z_mkin,} \hlkwc{quiet} \hlstd{=} \hlnum{TRUE}\hlstd{)}
+\hlkwd{plot_sep}\hlstd{(m.Z.3)}
+\end{alltt}
+\end{kframe}
+\includegraphics[width=\maxwidth]{figure/FOCUS_2006_Z_fits_3-1} 
+\begin{kframe}\begin{alltt}
+\hlkwd{summary}\hlstd{(m.Z.3,} \hlkwc{data} \hlstd{=} \hlnum{FALSE}\hlstd{)}\hlopt{$}\hlstd{bpar}
+\end{alltt}
+\begin{verbatim}
+##        Estimate se_notrans  t value       Pr(>t)      Lower
+## Z0_0 97.0148815 2.68177093 36.17568 2.363587e-25 91.5215237
+## k_Z0  2.2360064 0.14686110 15.22531 2.246514e-15  1.9545310
+## k_Z1  0.4821248 0.04268712 11.29439 3.068581e-12  0.4021552
+##            Upper
+## Z0_0 102.5082392
+## k_Z0   2.5580177
+## k_Z1   0.5779966
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{kframe}
+\end{knitrout}
+
+As there is only one transformation product for Z0 and no pathway
+to sink, the formation fraction is internally fixed to unity.
+
+\section{Including metabolites Z2 and Z3}
+
+As suggested in the FOCUS report, the pathway to sink was removed for metabolite Z1 as
+well in the next step. While this step appears questionable on the basis of the above results, it 
+is followed here for the purpose of comparison. Also, in the FOCUS report, it is 
+assumed that there is additional empirical evidence that Z1 quickly and exclusively
+hydrolyses to Z2. 
+
+\begin{knitrout}
+\definecolor{shadecolor}{rgb}{0.969, 0.969, 0.969}\color{fgcolor}\begin{kframe}
+\begin{alltt}
+\hlstd{Z.5} \hlkwb{<-} \hlkwd{mkinmod}\hlstd{(}\hlkwc{Z0} \hlstd{=} \hlkwd{mkinsub}\hlstd{(}\hlstr{"SFO"}\hlstd{,} \hlstr{"Z1"}\hlstd{,} \hlkwc{sink} \hlstd{=} \hlnum{FALSE}\hlstd{),}
+               \hlkwc{Z1} \hlstd{=} \hlkwd{mkinsub}\hlstd{(}\hlstr{"SFO"}\hlstd{,} \hlstr{"Z2"}\hlstd{,} \hlkwc{sink} \hlstd{=} \hlnum{FALSE}\hlstd{),}
+               \hlkwc{Z2} \hlstd{=} \hlkwd{mkinsub}\hlstd{(}\hlstr{"SFO"}\hlstd{),} \hlkwc{use_of_ff} \hlstd{=} \hlstr{"max"}\hlstd{)}
+\end{alltt}
+\begin{verbatim}
+## make[1]: warning: jobserver unavailable: using -j1.  Add '+' to parent make rule.
+\end{verbatim}
+
+
+{\ttfamily\noindent\itshape\color{messagecolor}{\#\# Successfully compiled differential equation model from auto-generated C code.}}\begin{alltt}
+\hlstd{m.Z.5} \hlkwb{<-} \hlkwd{mkinfit}\hlstd{(Z.5, FOCUS_2006_Z_mkin,} \hlkwc{quiet} \hlstd{=} \hlnum{TRUE}\hlstd{)}
+\hlkwd{plot_sep}\hlstd{(m.Z.5)}
+\end{alltt}
+\end{kframe}
+\includegraphics[width=\maxwidth]{figure/FOCUS_2006_Z_fits_5-1} 
+
+\end{knitrout}
+
+Finally, metabolite Z3 is added to the model. We use the optimised
+differential equation parameter values from the previous fit in order to
+accelerate the optimization.
+
+\begin{knitrout}
+\definecolor{shadecolor}{rgb}{0.969, 0.969, 0.969}\color{fgcolor}\begin{kframe}
+\begin{alltt}
+\hlstd{Z.FOCUS} \hlkwb{<-} \hlkwd{mkinmod}\hlstd{(}\hlkwc{Z0} \hlstd{=} \hlkwd{mkinsub}\hlstd{(}\hlstr{"SFO"}\hlstd{,} \hlstr{"Z1"}\hlstd{,} \hlkwc{sink} \hlstd{=} \hlnum{FALSE}\hlstd{),}
+                   \hlkwc{Z1} \hlstd{=} \hlkwd{mkinsub}\hlstd{(}\hlstr{"SFO"}\hlstd{,} \hlstr{"Z2"}\hlstd{,} \hlkwc{sink} \hlstd{=} \hlnum{FALSE}\hlstd{),}
+                   \hlkwc{Z2} \hlstd{=} \hlkwd{mkinsub}\hlstd{(}\hlstr{"SFO"}\hlstd{,} \hlstr{"Z3"}\hlstd{),}
+                   \hlkwc{Z3} \hlstd{=} \hlkwd{mkinsub}\hlstd{(}\hlstr{"SFO"}\hlstd{),}
+                   \hlkwc{use_of_ff} \hlstd{=} \hlstr{"max"}\hlstd{)}
+\end{alltt}
+\begin{verbatim}
+## make[1]: warning: jobserver unavailable: using -j1.  Add '+' to parent make rule.
+\end{verbatim}
+
+
+{\ttfamily\noindent\itshape\color{messagecolor}{\#\# Successfully compiled differential equation model from auto-generated C code.}}\begin{alltt}
+\hlstd{m.Z.FOCUS} \hlkwb{<-} \hlkwd{mkinfit}\hlstd{(Z.FOCUS, FOCUS_2006_Z_mkin,}
+                     \hlkwc{parms.ini} \hlstd{= m.Z.5}\hlopt{$}\hlstd{bparms.ode,}
+                     \hlkwc{quiet} \hlstd{=} \hlnum{TRUE}\hlstd{)}
+\hlkwd{plot_sep}\hlstd{(m.Z.FOCUS)}
+\end{alltt}
+\end{kframe}
+\includegraphics[width=\maxwidth]{figure/FOCUS_2006_Z_fits_6-1} 
+\begin{kframe}\begin{alltt}
+\hlkwd{summary}\hlstd{(m.Z.FOCUS,} \hlkwc{data} \hlstd{=} \hlnum{FALSE}\hlstd{)}\hlopt{$}\hlstd{bpar}
+\end{alltt}
+\begin{verbatim}
+##               Estimate se_notrans   t value       Pr(>t)       Lower
+## Z0_0       96.83849566 2.05886133 47.034977 5.583742e-44 92.70517559
+## k_Z0        2.21540897 0.11813046 18.753919 7.744034e-25  1.99051134
+## k_Z1        0.47829896 0.02928763 16.331089 3.333376e-22  0.42297603
+## k_Z2        0.45161653 0.04421268 10.214638 3.110936e-14  0.37103495
+## k_Z3        0.05869343 0.01429485  4.105914 7.285393e-05  0.03599566
+## f_Z2_to_Z3  0.47150952 0.05705233  8.264510 2.809889e-11  0.36038193
+##                   Upper
+## Z0_0       100.97181573
+## k_Z0         2.46571661
+## k_Z1         0.54085782
+## k_Z2         0.54969886
+## k_Z3         0.09570371
+## f_Z2_to_Z3   0.58553462
+\end{verbatim}
+\begin{alltt}
+\hlkwd{endpoints}\hlstd{(m.Z.FOCUS)}
+\end{alltt}
+\begin{verbatim}
+## $ff
+##     Z2_Z3   Z2_sink 
+## 0.4715095 0.5284905 
+## 
+## $SFORB
+## logical(0)
+## 
+## $distimes
+##          DT50      DT90
+## Z0  0.3128755  1.039350
+## Z1  1.4491923  4.814113
+## Z2  1.5348136  5.098540
+## Z3 11.8096217 39.230714
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{kframe}
+\end{knitrout}
+
+This fit corresponds to the final result chosen in Appendix 7 of the FOCUS
+report. Confidence intervals returned by mkin are based on internally
+transformed parameters, however.
+
+\section{Using the SFORB model for parent and metabolites}
+
+As the FOCUS report states, there is a certain tailing of the time course of metabolite 
+Z3. Also, the time course of the parent compound is not fitted very well using the 
+SFO model, as residues at a certain low level remain.
+
+Therefore, an additional model is offered here, using the single first-order 
+reversible binding (SFORB) model for metabolite Z3. As expected, the $\chi^2$
+error level is lower for metabolite Z3 using this model and the graphical 
+fit for Z3 is improved. However, the covariance matrix is not returned.
+
+\begin{knitrout}
+\definecolor{shadecolor}{rgb}{0.969, 0.969, 0.969}\color{fgcolor}\begin{kframe}
+\begin{alltt}
+\hlstd{Z.mkin.1} \hlkwb{<-} \hlkwd{mkinmod}\hlstd{(}\hlkwc{Z0} \hlstd{=} \hlkwd{mkinsub}\hlstd{(}\hlstr{"SFO"}\hlstd{,} \hlstr{"Z1"}\hlstd{,} \hlkwc{sink} \hlstd{=} \hlnum{FALSE}\hlstd{),}
+                    \hlkwc{Z1} \hlstd{=} \hlkwd{mkinsub}\hlstd{(}\hlstr{"SFO"}\hlstd{,} \hlstr{"Z2"}\hlstd{,} \hlkwc{sink} \hlstd{=} \hlnum{FALSE}\hlstd{),}
+                    \hlkwc{Z2} \hlstd{=} \hlkwd{mkinsub}\hlstd{(}\hlstr{"SFO"}\hlstd{,} \hlstr{"Z3"}\hlstd{),}
+                    \hlkwc{Z3} \hlstd{=} \hlkwd{mkinsub}\hlstd{(}\hlstr{"SFORB"}\hlstd{))}
+\end{alltt}
+\begin{verbatim}
+## make[1]: warning: jobserver unavailable: using -j1.  Add '+' to parent make rule.
+\end{verbatim}
+
+
+{\ttfamily\noindent\itshape\color{messagecolor}{\#\# Successfully compiled differential equation model from auto-generated C code.}}\begin{alltt}
+\hlstd{m.Z.mkin.1} \hlkwb{<-} \hlkwd{mkinfit}\hlstd{(Z.mkin.1, FOCUS_2006_Z_mkin,} \hlkwc{quiet} \hlstd{=} \hlnum{TRUE}\hlstd{)}
+\hlkwd{plot_sep}\hlstd{(m.Z.mkin.1)}
+\end{alltt}
+\end{kframe}
+\includegraphics[width=\maxwidth]{figure/FOCUS_2006_Z_fits_7-1} 
+\begin{kframe}\begin{alltt}
+\hlkwd{summary}\hlstd{(m.Z.mkin.1,} \hlkwc{data} \hlstd{=} \hlnum{FALSE}\hlstd{)}\hlopt{$}\hlstd{cov.unscaled}
+\end{alltt}
+\begin{verbatim}
+## NULL
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{kframe}
+\end{knitrout}
+
+Therefore, a further stepwise model building is performed starting from the
+stage of parent and two metabolites, starting from the assumption that the model
+fit for the parent compound can be improved by using the SFORB model.
+
+\begin{knitrout}
+\definecolor{shadecolor}{rgb}{0.969, 0.969, 0.969}\color{fgcolor}\begin{kframe}
+\begin{alltt}
+\hlstd{Z.mkin.3} \hlkwb{<-} \hlkwd{mkinmod}\hlstd{(}\hlkwc{Z0} \hlstd{=} \hlkwd{mkinsub}\hlstd{(}\hlstr{"SFORB"}\hlstd{,} \hlstr{"Z1"}\hlstd{,} \hlkwc{sink} \hlstd{=} \hlnum{FALSE}\hlstd{),}
+                    \hlkwc{Z1} \hlstd{=} \hlkwd{mkinsub}\hlstd{(}\hlstr{"SFO"}\hlstd{,} \hlstr{"Z2"}\hlstd{,} \hlkwc{sink} \hlstd{=} \hlnum{FALSE}\hlstd{),}
+                    \hlkwc{Z2} \hlstd{=} \hlkwd{mkinsub}\hlstd{(}\hlstr{"SFO"}\hlstd{))}
+\end{alltt}
+\begin{verbatim}
+## make[1]: warning: jobserver unavailable: using -j1.  Add '+' to parent make rule.
+\end{verbatim}
+
+
+{\ttfamily\noindent\itshape\color{messagecolor}{\#\# Successfully compiled differential equation model from auto-generated C code.}}\begin{alltt}
+\hlstd{m.Z.mkin.3} \hlkwb{<-} \hlkwd{mkinfit}\hlstd{(Z.mkin.3, FOCUS_2006_Z_mkin,} \hlkwc{quiet} \hlstd{=} \hlnum{TRUE}\hlstd{)}
+\hlkwd{plot_sep}\hlstd{(m.Z.mkin.3)}
+\end{alltt}
+\end{kframe}
+\includegraphics[width=\maxwidth]{figure/FOCUS_2006_Z_fits_9-1} 
+
+\end{knitrout}
+
+This results in a much better representation of the behaviour of the parent 
+compound Z0.
+
+Finally, Z3 is added as well. These models appear overparameterised (no
+covariance matrix returned) if the sink for Z1 is left in the models.
+
+\begin{knitrout}
+\definecolor{shadecolor}{rgb}{0.969, 0.969, 0.969}\color{fgcolor}\begin{kframe}
+\begin{alltt}
+\hlstd{Z.mkin.4} \hlkwb{<-} \hlkwd{mkinmod}\hlstd{(}\hlkwc{Z0} \hlstd{=} \hlkwd{mkinsub}\hlstd{(}\hlstr{"SFORB"}\hlstd{,} \hlstr{"Z1"}\hlstd{,} \hlkwc{sink} \hlstd{=} \hlnum{FALSE}\hlstd{),}
+                    \hlkwc{Z1} \hlstd{=} \hlkwd{mkinsub}\hlstd{(}\hlstr{"SFO"}\hlstd{,} \hlstr{"Z2"}\hlstd{,} \hlkwc{sink} \hlstd{=} \hlnum{FALSE}\hlstd{),}
+                    \hlkwc{Z2} \hlstd{=} \hlkwd{mkinsub}\hlstd{(}\hlstr{"SFO"}\hlstd{,} \hlstr{"Z3"}\hlstd{),}
+                    \hlkwc{Z3} \hlstd{=} \hlkwd{mkinsub}\hlstd{(}\hlstr{"SFO"}\hlstd{))}
+\end{alltt}
+\begin{verbatim}
+## make[1]: warning: jobserver unavailable: using -j1.  Add '+' to parent make rule.
+\end{verbatim}
+
+
+{\ttfamily\noindent\itshape\color{messagecolor}{\#\# Successfully compiled differential equation model from auto-generated C code.}}\begin{alltt}
+\hlstd{m.Z.mkin.4} \hlkwb{<-} \hlkwd{mkinfit}\hlstd{(Z.mkin.4, FOCUS_2006_Z_mkin,}
+                      \hlkwc{parms.ini} \hlstd{= m.Z.mkin.3}\hlopt{$}\hlstd{bparms.ode,}
+                      \hlkwc{quiet} \hlstd{=} \hlnum{TRUE}\hlstd{)}
+\hlkwd{plot_sep}\hlstd{(m.Z.mkin.4)}
+\end{alltt}
+\end{kframe}
+\includegraphics[width=\maxwidth]{figure/FOCUS_2006_Z_fits_10-1} 
+
+\end{knitrout}
+
+The error level of the fit, but especially of metabolite Z3, can be improved if
+the SFORB model is chosen for this metabolite, as this model is capable of
+representing the tailing of the metabolite decline phase.
+
+\begin{knitrout}
+\definecolor{shadecolor}{rgb}{0.969, 0.969, 0.969}\color{fgcolor}\begin{kframe}
+\begin{alltt}
+\hlstd{Z.mkin.5} \hlkwb{<-} \hlkwd{mkinmod}\hlstd{(}\hlkwc{Z0} \hlstd{=} \hlkwd{mkinsub}\hlstd{(}\hlstr{"SFORB"}\hlstd{,} \hlstr{"Z1"}\hlstd{,} \hlkwc{sink} \hlstd{=} \hlnum{FALSE}\hlstd{),}
+                    \hlkwc{Z1} \hlstd{=} \hlkwd{mkinsub}\hlstd{(}\hlstr{"SFO"}\hlstd{,} \hlstr{"Z2"}\hlstd{,} \hlkwc{sink} \hlstd{=} \hlnum{FALSE}\hlstd{),}
+                    \hlkwc{Z2} \hlstd{=} \hlkwd{mkinsub}\hlstd{(}\hlstr{"SFO"}\hlstd{,} \hlstr{"Z3"}\hlstd{),}
+                    \hlkwc{Z3} \hlstd{=} \hlkwd{mkinsub}\hlstd{(}\hlstr{"SFORB"}\hlstd{))}
+\end{alltt}
+\begin{verbatim}
+## make[1]: warning: jobserver unavailable: using -j1.  Add '+' to parent make rule.
+\end{verbatim}
+
+
+{\ttfamily\noindent\itshape\color{messagecolor}{\#\# Successfully compiled differential equation model from auto-generated C code.}}\begin{alltt}
+\hlstd{m.Z.mkin.5} \hlkwb{<-} \hlkwd{mkinfit}\hlstd{(Z.mkin.5, FOCUS_2006_Z_mkin,}
+                      \hlkwc{parms.ini} \hlstd{= m.Z.mkin.4}\hlopt{$}\hlstd{bparms.ode[}\hlnum{1}\hlopt{:}\hlnum{4}\hlstd{],}
+                      \hlkwc{quiet} \hlstd{=} \hlnum{TRUE}\hlstd{)}
+\hlkwd{plot_sep}\hlstd{(m.Z.mkin.5)}
+\end{alltt}
+\end{kframe}
+\includegraphics[width=\maxwidth]{figure/FOCUS_2006_Z_fits_11-1} 
+
+\end{knitrout}
+
+The summary view of the backtransformed parameters shows that we get no
+confidence intervals due to overparameterisation. As the optimized
+\texttt{k\_Z3\_bound\_free} is excessively small, it seems reasonable to fix it to
+zero. 
+
+\begin{knitrout}
+\definecolor{shadecolor}{rgb}{0.969, 0.969, 0.969}\color{fgcolor}\begin{kframe}
+\begin{alltt}
+\hlstd{m.Z.mkin.5a} \hlkwb{<-} \hlkwd{mkinfit}\hlstd{(Z.mkin.5, FOCUS_2006_Z_mkin,}
+                       \hlkwc{parms.ini} \hlstd{=} \hlkwd{c}\hlstd{(m.Z.mkin.5}\hlopt{$}\hlstd{bparms.ode[}\hlnum{1}\hlopt{:}\hlnum{7}\hlstd{],}
+                                     \hlkwc{k_Z3_bound_free} \hlstd{=} \hlnum{0}\hlstd{),}
+                       \hlkwc{fixed_parms} \hlstd{=} \hlstr{"k_Z3_bound_free"}\hlstd{,}
+                       \hlkwc{quiet} \hlstd{=} \hlnum{TRUE}\hlstd{)}
+\hlkwd{plot_sep}\hlstd{(m.Z.mkin.5a)}
+\end{alltt}
+\end{kframe}
+\includegraphics[width=\maxwidth]{figure/FOCUS_2006_Z_fits_11a-1} 
+
+\end{knitrout}
+
+As expected, the residual plots for Z0 and Z3 are more random than in the case of the 
+all SFO model for which they were shown above. In conclusion, the model
+\texttt{Z.mkin.5a} is proposed as the best-fit model for the dataset from
+Appendix 7 of the FOCUS report.
+
+A graphical representation of the confidence intervals can finally be obtained.
+
+\begin{knitrout}
+\definecolor{shadecolor}{rgb}{0.969, 0.969, 0.969}\color{fgcolor}\begin{kframe}
+\begin{alltt}
+\hlkwd{mkinparplot}\hlstd{(m.Z.mkin.5a)}
+\end{alltt}
+\end{kframe}
+\includegraphics[width=\maxwidth]{figure/FOCUS_2006_Z_fits_11b-1} 
+
+\end{knitrout}
+
+The endpoints obtained with this model are
+
+\begin{knitrout}
+\definecolor{shadecolor}{rgb}{0.969, 0.969, 0.969}\color{fgcolor}\begin{kframe}
+\begin{alltt}
+\hlkwd{endpoints}\hlstd{(m.Z.mkin.5a)}
+\end{alltt}
+\begin{verbatim}
+## $ff
+##   Z0_free_Z1        Z1_Z2      Z2_sink   Z2_Z3_free Z3_free_sink 
+##    1.0000000    1.0000000    0.4634431    0.5365569    1.0000000 
+## 
+## $SFORB
+##       Z0_b1       Z0_b2       Z3_b1       Z3_b2 
+## 2.447138640 0.007512589 0.080007099 0.000000000 
+## 
+## $distimes
+##         DT50     DT90 DT50_Z0_b1 DT50_Z0_b2 DT50_Z3_b1 DT50_Z3_b2
+## Z0 0.3042972 1.184811   0.283248   92.26476         NA         NA
+## Z1 1.5147787 5.031986         NA         NA         NA         NA
+## Z2 1.6413857 5.452565         NA         NA         NA         NA
+## Z3        NA       NA         NA         NA   8.663571        Inf
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{kframe}
+\end{knitrout}
+
+It is clear the degradation rate of Z3 towards the end of the experiment 
+is very low as DT50\_Z3\_b2 (the second Eigenvalue of the system of two differential 
+equations representing the SFORB system for Z3, corresponding to the slower rate
+constant of the DFOP model) is reported to be infinity.  However, this appears
+to be a feature of the data.
+
+\bibliographystyle{plainnat}
+\bibliography{references}
+
+\end{document}
+% vim: set foldmethod=syntax:
diff --git a/docs/articles/FOCUS_Z.toc b/docs/articles/FOCUS_Z.toc
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+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1}The data}{1}{section.1}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2}Parent compound and one metabolite}{2}{section.2}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3}Including metabolites Z2 and Z3}{8}{section.3}
+\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4}Using the SFORB model for parent and metabolites}{12}{section.4}
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diff --git a/docs/articles/cache/__packages b/docs/articles/cache/__packages
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..72bad839
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/articles/cache/__packages
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+base
+knitr
+minpack.lm
+rootSolve
+inline
+mkin
diff --git a/docs/articles/compiled_models.R b/docs/articles/compiled_models.R
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4f544b0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/articles/compiled_models.R
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+## ----benchmark_SFO_SFO, fig.height = 3-----------------------------------
+library("microbenchmark")
+library("ggplot2")
+mb.1 <- microbenchmark(
+  "deSolve, not compiled" = mkinfit(SFO_SFO, FOCUS_2006_D, 
+                                    solution_type = "deSolve", 
+                                    use_compiled = FALSE, quiet = TRUE),
+  "Eigenvalue based" = mkinfit(SFO_SFO, FOCUS_2006_D, 
+                               solution_type = "eigen", quiet = TRUE),
+  "deSolve, compiled" = mkinfit(SFO_SFO, FOCUS_2006_D, 
+                                solution_type = "deSolve", quiet = TRUE),
+  times = 3, control = list(warmup = 0))
+
+smb.1 <- summary(mb.1)
+print(mb.1)
+autoplot(mb.1)
+
+## ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+rownames(smb.1) <- smb.1$expr
+smb.1["median"]/smb.1["deSolve, compiled", "median"]
+
+## ----benchmark_FOMC_SFO, fig.height = 3----------------------------------
+FOMC_SFO <- mkinmod(
+  parent = mkinsub("FOMC", "m1"),
+  m1 = mkinsub( "SFO"))
+
+mb.2 <- microbenchmark(
+  "deSolve, not compiled" = mkinfit(FOMC_SFO, FOCUS_2006_D, 
+                                    use_compiled = FALSE, quiet = TRUE),
+  "deSolve, compiled" = mkinfit(FOMC_SFO, FOCUS_2006_D, quiet = TRUE),
+  times = 3, control = list(warmup = 0))
+smb.2 <- summary(mb.2)
+print(mb.2)
+smb.2["median"]/smb.2["deSolve, compiled", "median"]
+autoplot(mb.2)
+
+## ----sessionInfo, echo = FALSE-------------------------------------------
+cat(capture.output(sessionInfo())[1:3], sep = "\n")
+if(!inherits(try(cpuinfo <- readLines("/proc/cpuinfo")), "try-error")) {
+  cat(gsub("model name\t: ", "CPU model: ", cpuinfo[grep("model name", cpuinfo)[1]]))
+}
+
diff --git a/docs/articles/compiled_models.html b/docs/articles/compiled_models.html
index d2e1d87d..e02b9cf3 100644
--- a/docs/articles/compiled_models.html
+++ b/docs/articles/compiled_models.html
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html>
-<!-- Generated by pkgdown: do not edit by hand --><html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta charset="utf-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><title>Performance benefit by using compiled model definitions in mkin. mkin</title><!-- jquery --><script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.1.0.min.js" integrity="sha384-nrOSfDHtoPMzJHjVTdCopGqIqeYETSXhZDFyniQ8ZHcVy08QesyHcnOUpMpqnmWq" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><!-- Bootstrap --><link href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootswatch/3.3.7/cerulean/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" crossorigin="anonymous"><script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-Tc5IQib027qvyjSMfHjOMaLkfuWVxZxUPnCJA7l2mCWNIpG9mGCD8wGNIcPD7Txa" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><!-- Font Awesome icons --><link href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.6.3/css/font-awesome.min.css" rel="stylesheet" integrity="sha384-T8Gy5hrqNKT+hzMclPo118YTQO6cYprQmhrYwIiQ/3axmI1hQomh7Ud2hPOy8SP1" crossorigin="anonymous"><!-- pkgdown --><link href="../pkgdown.css" rel="stylesheet"><script src="../pkgdown.js"></script><!-- mathjax --><script src="https://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML"></script><!--[if lt IE 9]>
+<!-- Generated by pkgdown: do not edit by hand --><html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta charset="utf-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><title>Performance benefit by using compiled model definitions in mkin &bull; mkin</title><!-- jquery --><script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.1.0.min.js" integrity="sha384-nrOSfDHtoPMzJHjVTdCopGqIqeYETSXhZDFyniQ8ZHcVy08QesyHcnOUpMpqnmWq" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><!-- Bootstrap --><link href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous"><script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-Tc5IQib027qvyjSMfHjOMaLkfuWVxZxUPnCJA7l2mCWNIpG9mGCD8wGNIcPD7Txa" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><!-- Font Awesome icons --><link href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.6.3/css/font-awesome.min.css" rel="stylesheet" integrity="sha384-T8Gy5hrqNKT+hzMclPo118YTQO6cYprQmhrYwIiQ/3axmI1hQomh7Ud2hPOy8SP1" crossorigin="anonymous"><!-- pkgdown --><link href="../pkgdown.css" rel="stylesheet"><script src="../jquery.sticky-kit.min.js"></script><script src="../pkgdown.js"></script><!-- mathjax --><script src="https://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML"></script><!--[if lt IE 9]>
 <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/html5shiv/3.7.3/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
 <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/respond/1.4.2/respond.min.js"></script>
 <![endif]--></head><body>
-    <div class="container">
-      <header><div class="navbar navbar-default  navbar-fixed-top" role="navigation">
+    <div class="container template-vignette">
+      <header><div class="navbar navbar-default navbar-fixed-top" role="navigation">
   <div class="container">
     <div class="navbar-header">
       <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbar">
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
       </ul></div><!--/.nav-collapse -->
   </div><!--/.container -->
 </div><!--/.navbar -->
+
       
       </header><div class="row">
   <div class="col-md-9">
@@ -37,13 +38,14 @@
       <h1>Performance benefit by using compiled model definitions in mkin</h1>
                         <h4 class="author">Johannes Ranke</h4>
             
-            <h4 class="date">2016-10-06</h4>
+            <h4 class="date">2016-10-26</h4>
           </div>
 
     
     
+<div class="contents">
 <div id="benchmark-for-a-model-that-can-also-be-solved-with-eigenvalues" class="section level2">
-<h2>Benchmark for a model that can also be solved with Eigenvalues</h2>
+<h2 class="hasAnchor"><html><body><a href="#benchmark-for-a-model-that-can-also-be-solved-with-eigenvalues" class="anchor"> </a></body></html>Benchmark for a model that can also be solved with Eigenvalues</h2>
 <p>This evaluation is taken from the example section of mkinfit. When using an mkin version equal to or greater than 0.9-36 and a C compiler (gcc) is available, you will see a message that the model is being compiled from autogenerated C code when defining a model using mkinmod. The <code><a href="../reference/mkinmod.html">mkinmod()</a></code> function checks for presence of the gcc compiler using</p>
 <div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span class="kw">Sys.which</span>(<span class="st">"gcc"</span>)</code></pre></div>
 <pre><code>##            gcc 
@@ -73,25 +75,25 @@ mb<span class="fl">.1</span> &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">micr
 <span class="kw">print</span>(mb<span class="fl">.1</span>)</code></pre></div>
 <pre><code>## Unit: milliseconds
 ##                   expr       min        lq      mean    median        uq
-##  deSolve, not compiled 6365.2773 6407.1609 6467.4083 6449.0446 6518.4738
-##       Eigenvalue based  872.0339  912.6754  926.7178  953.3169  954.0597
-##      deSolve, compiled  730.1252  740.7149  751.8881  751.3045  762.7695
+##  deSolve, not compiled 6298.7342 6308.6792 6343.9668 6318.6243 6366.5831
+##       Eigenvalue based  871.7379  880.7757  903.5267  889.8135  919.4211
+##      deSolve, compiled  724.9025  730.6729  732.9837  736.4432  737.0243
 ##        max neval cld
-##  6587.9031     3   b
-##   954.8026     3  a 
-##   774.2345     3  a</code></pre>
+##  6414.5420     3   c
+##   949.0287     3  b 
+##   737.6054     3 a</code></pre>
 <div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span class="kw">autoplot</span>(mb<span class="fl">.1</span>)</code></pre></div>
 <p><img src="compiled_models_files/figure-html/benchmark_SFO_SFO-1.png" width="672"></p>
 <p>We see that using the compiled model is by a factor of 8.6 faster than using the R version with the default ode solver, and it is even faster than the Eigenvalue based solution implemented in R which does not need iterative solution of the ODEs:</p>
 <div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span class="kw">rownames</span>(smb<span class="fl">.1</span>) &lt;-<span class="st"> </span>smb<span class="fl">.1</span>$expr
 smb<span class="fl">.1</span>[<span class="st">"median"</span>]/smb<span class="fl">.1</span>[<span class="st">"deSolve, compiled"</span>, <span class="st">"median"</span>]</code></pre></div>
 <pre><code>##                         median
-## deSolve, not compiled 8.583796
-## Eigenvalue based      1.268882
+## deSolve, not compiled 8.579920
+## Eigenvalue based      1.208258
 ## deSolve, compiled     1.000000</code></pre>
 </div>
 <div id="benchmark-for-a-model-that-can-not-be-solved-with-eigenvalues" class="section level2">
-<h2>Benchmark for a model that can not be solved with Eigenvalues</h2>
+<h2 class="hasAnchor"><html><body><a href="#benchmark-for-a-model-that-can-not-be-solved-with-eigenvalues" class="anchor"> </a></body></html>Benchmark for a model that can not be solved with Eigenvalues</h2>
 <p>This evaluation is also taken from the example section of mkinfit.</p>
 <div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r">FOMC_SFO &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw"><a href="../reference/mkinmod.html">mkinmod</a></span>(
   <span class="dt">parent =</span> <span class="kw"><a href="../reference/mkinsub.html">mkinsub</a></span>(<span class="st">"FOMC"</span>, <span class="st">"m1"</span>),
@@ -108,28 +110,29 @@ smb<span class="fl">.1</span>[<span class="st">"median"</span>]/smb<span class="
 <div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r">smb<span class="fl">.2</span> &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">summary</span>(mb<span class="fl">.2</span>)
 <span class="kw">print</span>(mb<span class="fl">.2</span>)</code></pre></div>
 <pre><code>## Unit: seconds
-##                   expr       min        lq     mean    median        uq
-##  deSolve, not compiled 13.464194 13.498471 13.52712 13.532748 13.558577
-##      deSolve, compiled  1.328628  1.342168  1.35224  1.355707  1.364046
+##                   expr       min        lq      mean    median        uq
+##  deSolve, not compiled 13.265212 13.330161 13.412053 13.395109 13.485473
+##      deSolve, compiled  1.322466  1.326851  1.364827  1.331236  1.386007
 ##        max neval cld
-##  13.584407     3   b
-##   1.372385     3  a</code></pre>
+##  13.575837     3   b
+##   1.440779     3  a</code></pre>
 <div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r">smb<span class="fl">.2</span>[<span class="st">"median"</span>]/smb<span class="fl">.2</span>[<span class="st">"deSolve, compiled"</span>, <span class="st">"median"</span>]</code></pre></div>
 <pre><code>##   median
 ## 1     NA
 ## 2     NA</code></pre>
 <div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span class="kw">autoplot</span>(mb<span class="fl">.2</span>)</code></pre></div>
 <p><img src="compiled_models_files/figure-html/benchmark_FOMC_SFO-1.png" width="672"></p>
-<p>Here we get a performance benefit of a factor of 10 using the version of the differential equation model compiled from C code!</p>
+<p>Here we get a performance benefit of a factor of 10.1 using the version of the differential equation model compiled from C code!</p>
 <p>This vignette was built with mkin 0.9.44.9000 on</p>
 <pre><code>## R version 3.3.1 (2016-06-21)
 ## Platform: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu (64-bit)
 ## Running under: Debian GNU/Linux 8 (jessie)</code></pre>
 <pre><code>## CPU model: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-4710MQ CPU @ 2.50GHz</code></pre>
+</div>
 </div>
   </div>
 
-  <div class="col-md-3 hidden-xs">
+  <div class="col-md-3 hidden-xs hidden-sm" id="sidebar">
         <div id="tocnav">
       <h2>Contents</h2>
       <ul class="nav nav-pills nav-stacked"><li><a href="#benchmark-for-a-model-that-can-also-be-solved-with-eigenvalues">Benchmark for a model that can also be solved with Eigenvalues</a></li>
@@ -140,7 +143,14 @@ smb<span class="fl">.1</span>[<span class="st">"median"</span>]/smb<span class="
 </div>
 
 
-      <footer><p>Built by <a href="http://hadley.github.io/pkgdown/">pkgdown</a>. Styled with <a href="http://getbootstrap.com">Bootstrap 3</a>.</p>
+      <footer><div class="copyright">
+  <p>Developed by Johannes Ranke, Eurofins Regulatory AG.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="pkgdown">
+  <p>Site built with <a href="http://hadley.github.io/pkgdown/">pkgdown</a>.</p>
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       </footer></div>
 
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new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+\usepackage{booktabs}
+\usepackage{amsfonts}
+\usepackage{latexsym}
+\usepackage{amsmath}
+\usepackage{amssymb}
+\usepackage{graphicx}
+\usepackage{parskip}
+\usepackage[round]{natbib}
+\usepackage{amstext}
+\usepackage{hyperref}
+
+\newcommand{\Rpackage}[1]{{\normalfont\fontseries{b}\selectfont #1}}
+\newcommand{\Robject}[1]{\texttt{#1}}
+\newcommand{\Rclass}[1]{\textit{#1}}
+\newcommand{\Rcmd}[1]{\texttt{#1}}
+
+\newcommand{\RR}{\textsf{R}}
+
+\RequirePackage[T1]{fontenc}
+\RequirePackage{graphicx,ae,fancyvrb}
+\IfFileExists{upquote.sty}{\RequirePackage{upquote}}{}
+\usepackage{relsize}
diff --git a/docs/articles/index.html b/docs/articles/index.html
index 4ed79733..9994716d 100644
--- a/docs/articles/index.html
+++ b/docs/articles/index.html
@@ -6,14 +6,13 @@
 <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
 
-<title>Articles. mkin</title>
+<title>Articles • mkin</title>
 
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 <script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.1.0.min.js" integrity="sha384-nrOSfDHtoPMzJHjVTdCopGqIqeYETSXhZDFyniQ8ZHcVy08QesyHcnOUpMpqnmWq" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
-
 <!-- Bootstrap -->
-<link href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootswatch/3.3.7/cerulean/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" crossorigin="anonymous">
 
+<link href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
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 <!-- Font Awesome icons -->
@@ -22,6 +21,7 @@
 
 <!-- pkgdown -->
 <link href="../pkgdown.css" rel="stylesheet">
+<script src="../jquery.sticky-kit.min.js"></script>
 <script src="../pkgdown.js"></script>
 
 <!-- mathjax -->
@@ -34,10 +34,9 @@
   </head>
 
   <body>
-    <div class="container">
+    <div class="container template-vignette-index">
       <header>
-      
-<div class="navbar navbar-default  navbar-fixed-top" role="navigation">
+      <div class="navbar navbar-default navbar-fixed-top" role="navigation">
   <div class="container">
     <div class="navbar-header">
       <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbar">
@@ -56,6 +55,7 @@
   <a href="../reference/index.html">Reference</a>
 </li>
       </ul>
+      
       <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
         <li>
   <a href="https://github.com/jranke/mkin">
@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@
     </div><!--/.nav-collapse -->
   </div><!--/.container -->
 </div><!--/.navbar -->
+
       
       </header>
 
@@ -91,7 +92,14 @@
 </div>
 
       <footer>
-      <p>Built by <a href="http://hadley.github.io/pkgdown/">pkgdown</a>. Styled with <a href="http://getbootstrap.com">Bootstrap 3</a>.</p>
+      <div class="copyright">
+  <p>Developed by Johannes Ranke, Eurofins Regulatory AG.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="pkgdown">
+  <p>Site built with <a href="http://hadley.github.io/pkgdown/">pkgdown</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
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diff --git a/docs/articles/mkin.R b/docs/articles/mkin.R
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..175bd33b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/articles/mkin.R
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+## ---- echo = TRUE, cache = TRUE, fig = TRUE, fig.width = 8, fig.height = 7----
+require(mkin)
+m_SFO_SFO_SFO <- mkinmod(parent = mkinsub("SFO", "M1"),
+                         M1 = mkinsub("SFO", "M2"),
+                         M2 = mkinsub("SFO"), 
+                         use_of_ff = "max", quiet = TRUE)
+
+sampling_times = c(0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, 60, 90, 120)
+
+d_SFO_SFO_SFO <- mkinpredict(m_SFO_SFO_SFO,
+  c(k_parent = 0.03, 
+    f_parent_to_M1 = 0.5, k_M1 = log(2)/100, 
+    f_M1_to_M2 = 0.9, k_M2 = log(2)/50),
+  c(parent = 100, M1 = 0, M2 = 0),
+  sampling_times)
+
+d_SFO_SFO_SFO_err <- add_err(d_SFO_SFO_SFO, function(x) 3, n = 1, seed = 123456789 )
+
+f_SFO_SFO_SFO <- mkinfit(m_SFO_SFO_SFO, d_SFO_SFO_SFO_err[[1]], quiet = TRUE)
+
+plot_sep(f_SFO_SFO_SFO, lpos = c("topright", "bottomright", "bottomright"))
+
diff --git a/docs/articles/mkin.html b/docs/articles/mkin.html
index c1b38794..74d8ccca 100644
--- a/docs/articles/mkin.html
+++ b/docs/articles/mkin.html
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 <!DOCTYPE html>
-<!-- Generated by pkgdown: do not edit by hand --><html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta charset="utf-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><title>mkin - Kinetic evaluation of chemical degradation data. mkin</title><!-- jquery --><script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.1.0.min.js" integrity="sha384-nrOSfDHtoPMzJHjVTdCopGqIqeYETSXhZDFyniQ8ZHcVy08QesyHcnOUpMpqnmWq" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><!-- Bootstrap --><link href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootswatch/3.3.7/cerulean/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" crossorigin="anonymous"><script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-Tc5IQib027qvyjSMfHjOMaLkfuWVxZxUPnCJA7l2mCWNIpG9mGCD8wGNIcPD7Txa" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><!-- Font Awesome icons --><link href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.6.3/css/font-awesome.min.css" rel="stylesheet" integrity="sha384-T8Gy5hrqNKT+hzMclPo118YTQO6cYprQmhrYwIiQ/3axmI1hQomh7Ud2hPOy8SP1" crossorigin="anonymous"><!-- pkgdown --><link href="../pkgdown.css" rel="stylesheet"><script src="../pkgdown.js"></script><!-- mathjax --><script src="https://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML"></script><!--[if lt IE 9]>
+<!-- Generated by pkgdown: do not edit by hand --><html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta charset="utf-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><title>mkin - Kinetic evaluation of chemical degradation data &bull; mkin</title><!-- jquery --><script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.1.0.min.js" integrity="sha384-nrOSfDHtoPMzJHjVTdCopGqIqeYETSXhZDFyniQ8ZHcVy08QesyHcnOUpMpqnmWq" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><!-- Bootstrap --><link href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous"><script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-Tc5IQib027qvyjSMfHjOMaLkfuWVxZxUPnCJA7l2mCWNIpG9mGCD8wGNIcPD7Txa" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><!-- Font Awesome icons --><link href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.6.3/css/font-awesome.min.css" rel="stylesheet" integrity="sha384-T8Gy5hrqNKT+hzMclPo118YTQO6cYprQmhrYwIiQ/3axmI1hQomh7Ud2hPOy8SP1" crossorigin="anonymous"><!-- pkgdown --><link href="../pkgdown.css" rel="stylesheet"><script src="../jquery.sticky-kit.min.js"></script><script src="../pkgdown.js"></script><!-- mathjax --><script src="https://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML"></script><!--[if lt IE 9]>
 <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/html5shiv/3.7.3/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
 <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/respond/1.4.2/respond.min.js"></script>
 <![endif]--></head><body>
-    <div class="container">
-      <header><div class="navbar navbar-default  navbar-fixed-top" role="navigation">
+    <div class="container template-vignette">
+      <header><div class="navbar navbar-default navbar-fixed-top" role="navigation">
   <div class="container">
     <div class="navbar-header">
       <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbar">
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
       </ul></div><!--/.nav-collapse -->
   </div><!--/.container -->
 </div><!--/.navbar -->
+
       
       </header><div class="row">
   <div class="col-md-9">
@@ -37,14 +38,15 @@
       <h1>mkin - Kinetic evaluation of chemical degradation data</h1>
                         <h4 class="author">Johannes Ranke</h4>
             
-            <h4 class="date">2016-10-06</h4>
+            <h4 class="date">2016-10-26</h4>
           </div>
 
     
     
+<div class="contents">
 <p><a href="http://www.jrwb.de">Wissenschaftlicher Berater, Kronacher Str. 8, 79639 Grenzach-Wyhlen, Germany</a><br><a href="http://chem.uft.uni-bremen.de/ranke">Privatdozent at the University of Bremen</a></p>
 <div id="abstract" class="section level1">
-<h1>Abstract</h1>
+<h1 class="hasAnchor"><html><body><a href="#abstract" class="anchor"> </a></body></html>Abstract</h1>
 <p>In the regulatory evaluation of chemical substances like plant protection products (pesticides), biocides and other chemicals, degradation data play an important role. For the evaluation of pesticide degradation experiments, detailed guidance has been developed, based on nonlinear optimisation. The <code>R</code> add-on package <code>mkin</code> <span class="citation">(Ranke 2016)</span> implements fitting some of the models recommended in this guidance from within R and calculates some statistical measures for data series within one or more compartments, for parent and metabolites.</p>
 <div class="sourceCode"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><span class="kw">require</span>(mkin)
 m_SFO_SFO_SFO &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw"><a href="../reference/mkinmod.html">mkinmod</a></span>(<span class="dt">parent =</span> <span class="kw"><a href="../reference/mkinsub.html">mkinsub</a></span>(<span class="st">"SFO"</span>, <span class="st">"M1"</span>),
@@ -66,10 +68,10 @@ d_SFO_SFO_SFO_err &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw"><a href="../ref
 f_SFO_SFO_SFO &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw"><a href="../reference/mkinfit.html">mkinfit</a></span>(m_SFO_SFO_SFO, d_SFO_SFO_SFO_err[[<span class="dv">1</span>]], <span class="dt">quiet =</span> <span class="ot">TRUE</span>)
 
 <span class="kw"><a href="../reference/plot.mkinfit.html">plot_sep</a></span>(f_SFO_SFO_SFO, <span class="dt">lpos =</span> <span class="kw">c</span>(<span class="st">"topright"</span>, <span class="st">"bottomright"</span>, <span class="st">"bottomright"</span>))</code></pre></div>
-<p><img src="/home/jranke/git/mkin/docs/articles/mkin_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-2-1.png" width="768"></p>
+<p><img src="mkin_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-2-1.png" width="768"></p>
 </div>
 <div id="background" class="section level1">
-<h1>Background</h1>
+<h1 class="hasAnchor"><html><body><a href="#background" class="anchor"> </a></body></html>Background</h1>
 <p>Many approaches are possible regarding the evaluation of chemical degradation data.</p>
 <p>The now deprecated <code>kinfit</code> package <span class="citation">(Ranke 2015)</span> in <code>R</code> <span class="citation">(R Development Core Team 2016)</span> implements the approach recommended in the kinetics report provided by the FOrum for Co-ordination of pesticide fate models and their USe <span class="citation">(FOCUS Work Group on Degradation Kinetics 2006; 2014)</span> for simple data series for one parent compound in one compartment.</p>
 <p>The <code>mkin</code> package <span class="citation">(Ranke 2016)</span> extends this approach to data series with transformation products, commonly termed metabolites, and to more than one compartment. It is also possible to include back reactions, so equilibrium reactions and equilibrium partitioning can be specified, although this oftentimes leads to an overparameterisation of the model.</p>
@@ -79,39 +81,39 @@ f_SFO_SFO_SFO &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw"><a href="../referen
 <p>Also, <code>mkin</code> introduced using analytical solutions for parent only kinetics for improved optimization speed. Later, Eigenvalue based solutions were introduced to <code>mkin</code> for the case of linear differential equations (<em>i.e.</em> where the FOMC or DFOP models were not used for the parent compound), greatly improving the optimization speed for these cases.</p>
 <p>The possibility to specify back-reactions and a biphasic model (SFORB) for metabolites were present in <code>mkin</code> from the very beginning.</p>
 <div id="derived-software-tools" class="section level2">
-<h2>Derived software tools</h2>
+<h2 class="hasAnchor"><html><body><a href="#derived-software-tools" class="anchor"> </a></body></html>Derived software tools</h2>
 <p>Soon after the publication of <code>mkin</code>, two derived tools were published, namely KinGUII (available from Bayer Crop Science) and CAKE (commissioned to Tessella by Syngenta), which added a graphical user interface (GUI), and added fitting by iteratively reweighted least squares (IRLS) and characterisation of likely parameter distributions by Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling.</p>
 <p>CAKE focuses on a smooth use experience, sacrificing some flexibility in the model definition, originally allowing only two primary metabolites in parallel. The current version 3.2 of CAKE release in March 2016 uses a basic scheme for up to six metabolites in a flexible arrangement, but does not support back-reactions (non-instantaneous equilibria) or biphasic kinetics for metabolites.</p>
 <p>KinGUI offers an even more flexible widget for specifying complex kinetic models. Back-reactions (non-instanteneous equilibria) were supported early on, but until 2014, only simple first-order models could be specified for transformation products. Starting with KinGUII version 2.1, biphasic modelling of metabolites was also available in KinGUII.</p>
 <p>A further graphical user interface (GUI) that has recently been brought to a decent degree of maturity is the browser based GUI named <code>gmkin</code>. Please see its <a href="http://kinfit.r-forge.r-project.org/gmkin_static">documentation page</a> and <a href="http://kinfit.r-forge.r-project.org/gmkin_static/vignettes/gmkin_manual.html">manual</a> for further information.</p>
 </div>
 <div id="recent-developments" class="section level2">
-<h2>Recent developments</h2>
+<h2 class="hasAnchor"><html><body><a href="#recent-developments" class="anchor"> </a></body></html>Recent developments</h2>
 <p>Currently (June 2016), the main features available in <code>mkin</code> which are not present in KinGUII or CAKE, are the speed increase by using compiled code when a compiler is present, parallel model fitting on multicore machines using the <code>mmkin</code> function, and the estimation of parameter confidence intervals based on transformed parameters. These are explained in more detail below.</p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div id="internal-parameter-transformations" class="section level1">
-<h1>Internal parameter transformations</h1>
+<h1 class="hasAnchor"><html><body><a href="#internal-parameter-transformations" class="anchor"> </a></body></html>Internal parameter transformations</h1>
 <p>For rate constants, the log transformation is used, as proposed by Bates and Watts <span class="citation">(1988, 77, 149)</span>. Approximate intervals are constructed for the transformed rate constants <span class="citation">(compare Bates and Watts 1988, 135)</span>, <em>i.e.</em> for their logarithms. Confidence intervals for the rate constants are then obtained using the appropriate backtransformation using the exponential function.</p>
 <p>In the first version of <code>mkin</code> allowing for specifying models using formation fractions, a home-made reparameterisation was used in order to ensure that the sum of formation fractions would not exceed unity.</p>
 <p>This method is still used in the current version of KinGUII (v2.1 from April 2014), with a modification that allows for fixing the pathway to sink to zero. CAKE uses penalties in the objective function in order to enforce this constraint.</p>
 <p>In 2012, an alternative reparameterisation of the formation fractions was proposed together with Ren&eacute; Lehmann <span class="citation">(Ranke and Lehmann 2012)</span>, based on isometric logratio transformation (ILR). The aim was to improve the validity of the linear approximation of the objective function during the parameter estimation procedure as well as in the subsequent calculation of parameter confidence intervals.</p>
 <div id="confidence-intervals-based-on-transformed-parameters" class="section level2">
-<h2>Confidence intervals based on transformed parameters</h2>
+<h2 class="hasAnchor"><html><body><a href="#confidence-intervals-based-on-transformed-parameters" class="anchor"> </a></body></html>Confidence intervals based on transformed parameters</h2>
 <p>In the first attempt at providing improved parameter confidence intervals introduced to <code>mkin</code> in 2013, confidence intervals obtained from FME on the transformed parameters were simply all backtransformed one by one to yield asymetric confidence intervals for the backtransformed parameters.</p>
 <p>However, while there is a 1:1 relation between the rate constants in the model and the transformed parameters fitted in the model, the parameters obtained by the isometric logratio transformation are calculated from the set of formation fractions that quantify the paths to each of the compounds formed from a specific parent compound, and no such 1:1 relation exists.</p>
 <p>Therefore, parameter confidence intervals for formation fractions obtained with this method only appear valid for the case of a single transformation product, where only one formation fraction is to be estimated, directly corresponding to one component of the ilr transformed parameter.</p>
 <p>The confidence intervals obtained by backtransformation for the cases where a 1:1 relation between transformed and original parameter exist are considered by the author of this vignette to be more accurate than those obtained using a re-estimation of the Hessian matrix after backtransformation, as implemented in the FME package.</p>
 </div>
 <div id="parameter-t-test-based-on-untransformed-parameters" class="section level2">
-<h2>Parameter t-test based on untransformed parameters</h2>
+<h2 class="hasAnchor"><html><body><a href="#parameter-t-test-based-on-untransformed-parameters" class="anchor"> </a></body></html>Parameter t-test based on untransformed parameters</h2>
 <p>The standard output of many nonlinear regression software packages includes the results from a test for significant difference from zero for all parameters. Such a test is also recommended to check the validity of rate constants in the FOCUS guidance <span class="citation">(FOCUS Work Group on Degradation Kinetics 2014, 96ff)</span>.</p>
 <p>It has been argued that the precondition for this test, <em>i.e.</em> normal distribution of the estimator for the parameters, is not fulfilled in the case of nonlinear regression <span class="citation">(Ranke and Lehmann 2015)</span>. However, this test is commonly used by industry, consultants and national authorities in order to decide on the reliability of parameter estimates, based on the FOCUS guidance mentioned above. Therefore, the results of this one-sided t-test are included in the summary output from <code>mkin</code>.</p>
 <p>As it is not reasonable to test for significant difference of the transformed parameters (<em>e.g.</em> <span class="math inline">\(log(k)\)</span>) from zero, the t-test is calculated based on the model definition before parameter transformation, <em>i.e.</em> in a similar way as in packages that do not apply such an internal parameter transformation. A note is included in the <code>mkin</code> output, pointing to the fact that the t-test is based on the unjustified assumption of normal distribution of the parameter estimators.</p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div id="references" class="section level1">
-<h1>References</h1>
+<h1 class="hasAnchor"><html><body><a href="#references" class="anchor"> </a></body></html>References</h1>
 <!-- vim: set foldmethod=syntax: -->
 <div id="refs" class="references">
 <div id="ref-bates1988">
@@ -145,10 +147,11 @@ f_SFO_SFO_SFO &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw"><a href="../referen
 <p>Soetaert, Karline, and Thomas Petzoldt. 2010. &ldquo;Inverse Modelling, Sensitivity and Monte Carlo Analysis in R Using Package FME.&rdquo; <em>Journal of Statistical Software</em> 33 (3): 1&ndash;28. <a href="http://www.jstatsoft.org/v33/i03/" class="uri">http://www.jstatsoft.org/v33/i03/</a>.</p>
 </div>
 </div>
+</div>
 </div>
   </div>
 
-  <div class="col-md-3 hidden-xs">
+  <div class="col-md-3 hidden-xs hidden-sm" id="sidebar">
         <div id="tocnav">
       <h2>Contents</h2>
       <ul class="nav nav-pills nav-stacked"><li><a href="#abstract">Abstract</a></li>
@@ -165,7 +168,14 @@ f_SFO_SFO_SFO &lt;-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw"><a href="../referen
 </div>
 
 
-      <footer><p>Built by <a href="http://hadley.github.io/pkgdown/">pkgdown</a>. Styled with <a href="http://getbootstrap.com">Bootstrap 3</a>.</p>
+      <footer><div class="copyright">
+  <p>Developed by Johannes Ranke, Eurofins Regulatory AG.</p>
+</div>
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+<div class="pkgdown">
+  <p>Site built with <a href="http://hadley.github.io/pkgdown/">pkgdown</a>.</p>
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diff --git a/docs/articles/mkin_cache/html/__packages b/docs/articles/mkin_cache/html/__packages
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@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+base
+knitr
+minpack.lm
+rootSolve
+inline
+mkin
+microbenchmark
+ggplot2
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diff --git a/docs/articles/mkin_vignettes.css b/docs/articles/mkin_vignettes.css
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+++ b/docs/articles/mkin_vignettes.css
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/* Thanks to Steve Powell for http://rpubs.com/stevepowell99/floating-css */
+#TOC {
+  position: fixed;
+  left: 0;
+  top: 0;
+  width: 200px;
+  height: 100%;
+  overflow:auto;
+}
+
+body {
+  max-width: 800px;
+  margin: auto;
+  margin-left:210px;
+  line-height: 20px;
+}
diff --git a/docs/articles/references.bib b/docs/articles/references.bib
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..da51602f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/articles/references.bib
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+% This file was originally created with JabRef 2.7b.
+% Encoding: ISO8859_1
+
+@BOOK{bates1988,
+  title = {Nonlinear regression and its applications},
+  publisher = {Wiley-Interscience},
+  year = {1988},
+  author = {D. Bates and D. Watts}
+}
+
+@MANUAL{FOCUSkinetics2011,
+  title = {Generic guidance for estimating persistence and degradation kinetics
+	from environmental fate studies on pesticides in EU registration},
+  author = {{FOCUS Work Group on Degradation Kinetics}},
+  edition = {1.0},
+  month = {November},
+  year = {2011},
+  file = {FOCUS kinetics 2011 Generic guidance:/home/ranke/dok/orgs/focus/FOCUSkineticsvc_1_0_Nov23.pdf:PDF},
+  url = {http://focus.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dk}
+}
+
+@MANUAL{FOCUSkinetics2014,
+  title = {Generic guidance for estimating persistence and degradation kinetics
+	from environmental fate studies on pesticides in EU registration},
+  author = {{FOCUS Work Group on Degradation Kinetics}},
+  edition = {1.1},
+  month = {December},
+  year = {2014},
+  file = {FOCUS kinetics 2011 Generic guidance:/home/ranke/dok/orgs/focus/FOCUSkineticsvc_1_0_Nov23.pdf:PDF},
+  url = {http://focus.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dk}
+}
+
+@MANUAL{FOCUS2006,
+  title = {Guidance Document on Estimating Persistence and Degradation Kinetics
+	from Environmental Fate Studies on Pesticides in EU Registration.
+	Report of the FOCUS Work Group on Degradation Kinetics},
+  author = {{FOCUS Work Group on Degradation Kinetics}},
+  year = {2006},
+  note = {EC Document Reference Sanco/10058/2005 version 2.0},
+  url = {http://focus.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dk}
+}
+
+@MANUAL{rcore2016,
+  title = {\textsf{R}: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing},
+  author = {{R Development Core Team}},
+  organization = {R Foundation for Statistical Computing},
+  address = {Vienna, Austria},
+  year = {2016},
+  note = {{ISBN} 3-900051-07-0},
+  url = {http://www.R-project.org}
+}
+
+@MANUAL{pkg:kinfit,
+  title = {`kinfit`: {R}outines for fitting simple kinetic models to chemical
+	degradation data},
+  author = {J. Ranke},
+  year = {2015},
+  url = {http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=kinfit}
+}
+
+@MANUAL{pkg:mkin,
+  title = {`mkin`: {K}inetic evaluation of chemical degradation data},
+  author = {J. Ranke},
+  year = {2016},
+  url = {http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=mkin}
+}
+
+@Inproceedings{   schaefer2007,
+  title         = {{KinGUI}: a new kinetic software tool for evaluations according to {FOCUS} degradation kinetics},
+  author       = {D. Sch\"{a}fer and B. Mikolasch and P. Rainbird and B. Harvey},
+  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the XIII Symposium Pesticide Chemistry},
+  editor       = {Del Re A. A. M. and Capri E. and Fragoulis G. and Trevisan M.},
+  year          = {2007},
+  address       = {Piacenza},
+  pages         = {916--923}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{soetaert2010,
+  author = {Karline Soetaert and Thomas Petzoldt},
+  title = {Inverse Modelling, Sensitivity and Monte Carlo Analysis in {R} Using
+	Package {FME}},
+  journal = {Journal of Statistical Software},
+  year = {2010},
+  volume = {33},
+  pages = {1--28},
+  number = {3},
+  url = {http://www.jstatsoft.org/v33/i03/}
+}
+
+@Inproceedings{   ranke2012,
+  title         = {Parameter reliability in kinetic evaluation of environmental metabolism data - Assessment and the influence of model specification},
+  author       = {J. Ranke and R. Lehmann},
+  booktitle    = {SETAC World 20-24 May},
+  year          = {2012},
+  address       = {Berlin}
+}
+@Inproceedings{   ranke2015,
+  title         = {To t-test or not to t-test, that is the question},
+  author        = {J. Ranke and R. Lehmann},
+  booktitle     = {XV Symposium on Pesticide Chemistry 2-4 September 2015},
+  year          = {2015},
+  address       = {Piacenza},
+  url           = {http://chem.uft.uni-bremen.de/ranke/posters/piacenza_2015.pdf}
+}
+@Techreport{ranke2014,
+  title = {{Prüfung und Validierung von Modellierungssoftware als Alternative zu
+    ModelMaker 4.0}},
+  author = {J. Ranke}, 
+  year = 2014,
+  institution = {Umweltbundesamt},
+  volume = {Projektnummer 27452}
+}
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