#' Calculate predicted environmental concentrations in surface water due to drift #' #' This is a basic, vectorised form of a simple calculation of a contaminant #' concentration in surface water based on complete, instantaneous mixing #' with input via spray drift. #' #' @inheritParams drift_percentages_rautmann #' @seealso [drift_parameters_focus], [drift_percentages_rautmann] #' @param rate Application rate in units specified below #' @param drift_percentages Percentage drift values for which to calculate PECsw. #' Overrides 'drift_data' and 'distances' if not NULL. #' @param drift_data Source of drift percentage data. If 'JKI', the [drift_data_JKI] #' included in the package is used. If 'RF', the Rautmann drift data are calculated #' either in the original form or integrated over the width of the water body, depending #' on the 'formula' argument. #' @param crop_group_JKI When using the 'JKI' drift data, one of the German names #' as used in [drift_parameters_focus]. Will only be used if drift_data is 'JKI'. #' @param water_depth Depth of the water body in cm #' @param rate_units Defaults to g/ha #' @param PEC_units Requested units for the calculated PEC. Only µg/L currently supported #' @param water_width Width of the water body in cm #' @param side_angle The angle of the side of the water relative to the bottom which #' is assumed to be horizontal, in degrees. The SYNOPS model assumes 45 degrees here. #' @return The predicted concentration in surface water #' @export #' @author Johannes Ranke #' @examples #' PEC_sw_drift(100) #' # Alternatively, we can use the formula for a single application to #' # "Ackerbau" from the paper #' PEC_sw_drift(100, drift_data = "RF") #' #' # This makes it possible to also use different distances #' PEC_sw_drift(100, distances = c(1, 3, 5, 6, 10, 20, 50, 100), drift_data = "RF") #' #' # or consider aerial application #' PEC_sw_drift(100, distances = c(1, 3, 5, 6, 10, 20, 50, 100), drift_data = "RF", #' crop_group_RF = "aerial") #' #' # Using custom drift percentages is also supported #' PEC_sw_drift(100, drift_percentages = c(2.77, 0.95, 0.57, 0.48, 0.29, 0.15, 0.06, 0.03)) #' #' # The influence of assuming a 45° angle of the sides of the waterbody and the width of the #' # waterbody can be illustrated #' PEC_sw_drift(100) #' PEC_sw_drift(100, drift_data = "RF") #' PEC_sw_drift(100, drift_data = "RF", formula = "FOCUS") #' PEC_sw_drift(100, drift_data = "RF", formula = "FOCUS", side_angle = 45) #' PEC_sw_drift(100, drift_data = "RF", formula = "FOCUS", side_angle = 45, water_width = 200) PEC_sw_drift <- function(rate, applications = 1, water_depth = 30, drift_percentages = NULL, drift_data = c("JKI", "RF"), crop_group_JKI = c("Ackerbau", "Obstbau frueh", "Obstbau spaet", "Weinbau frueh", "Weinbau spaet", "Hopfenbau", "Flaechenkulturen > 900 l/ha", "Gleisanlagen"), crop_group_RF = c("arable", "hops", "vines, late", "vines, early", "fruit, late", "fruit, early", "aerial"), distances = c(1, 5, 10, 20), formula = c("Rautmann", "FOCUS"), water_width = 100, side_angle = 90, rate_units = "g/ha", PEC_units = "\u00B5g/L") { rate_units <- match.arg(rate_units) PEC_units <- match.arg(PEC_units) drift_data <- match.arg(drift_data) crop_group_JKI <- match.arg(crop_group_JKI) crop_group_RF <- match.arg(crop_group_RF) if (drift_data == "JKI" & crop_group_RF != "arable") { stop("Specifying crop_group_RF only makes sense if 'RF' is used for 'drift_data'") } if (drift_data == "RF" & crop_group_JKI != "Ackerbau") { stop("Specifying crop_group_JKI only makes sense if 'JKI' is used for 'drift_data'") } formula <- match.arg(formula) if (side_angle < 0 | side_angle > 90) stop("The side anglemust be between 0 and 90 degrees") mean_water_width <- if (side_angle == 90) water_width else water_width - (water_depth / tanpi(side_angle/180)) water_volume <- 100 * mean_water_width * (water_depth/100) * 1000 # in L (for 1 ha) PEC_sw_overspray <- rate * 1e6 / water_volume # in µg/L dist_index <- as.character(distances) if (is.null(drift_percentages)) { drift_percentages <- switch(drift_data, JKI = pfm::drift_data_JKI[[applications]][dist_index, crop_group_JKI], RF = drift_percentages_rautmann(distances, applications, formula = formula, crop_group_RF, widths = water_width/100) ) names(drift_percentages) <- paste(dist_index, "m") } else { names(drift_percentages) <- paste(drift_percentages, "%") } PEC_sw_drift <- PEC_sw_overspray * drift_percentages / 100 return(PEC_sw_drift) } #' Calculate drift percentages based on Rautmann data #' #' @param formula By default, the original Rautmann formula is used. If you #' specify "FOCUS", mean drift input over the width of the water body is #' calculated as described in Chapter 5.4.5 of the FOCUS surface water guidance #' @param distances The distances in m for which to get PEC values #' @param widths The widths of the water bodies (only used in the FOCUS formula) #' @param applications Number of applications for selection of drift percentile #' @param crop_group_RF One of the crop groups as used in [drift_parameters_focus] #' @seealso [drift_parameters_focus], [PEC_sw_drift] #' @references FOCUS (2014) Generic guidance for Surface Water Scenarios (version 1.4). #' FOrum for the Co-ordination of pesticde fate models and their USe. #' #' @export #' @examples #' # Compare JKI data with Rautmann and FOCUS formulas for arable crops (default) #' # One application on field crops, for 1 m, 3 m and 5 m distance #' drift_data_JKI[[1]][as.character(c(1, 3, 5)), "Ackerbau"] #' drift_percentages_rautmann(c(1, 3, 5)) #' drift_percentages_rautmann(c(1, 3, 5), formula = "FOCUS") #' #' # One application to early or late fruit crops #' drift_data_JKI[[1]][as.character(c(3, 5, 20, 50)), "Obstbau frueh"] #' drift_percentages_rautmann(c(3, 5, 20, 50), crop_group_RF = "fruit, early") #' drift_percentages_rautmann(c(3, 5, 20, 50), crop_group_RF = "fruit, early", #' formula = "FOCUS") #' drift_data_JKI[[1]][as.character(c(3, 5, 20, 50)), "Obstbau spaet"] #' drift_percentages_rautmann(c(3, 5, 20, 50), crop_group_RF = "fruit, late") #' drift_percentages_rautmann(c(3, 5, 20, 50), crop_group_RF = "fruit, late", #' formula = "FOCUS") #' #' # We get a continuum if the waterbody covers the hinge distance #' # (11.4 m for 1 early app to fruit) #' x <- seq(3, 30, by = 0.1) #' d <- drift_percentages_rautmann(x, crop_group_RF = "fruit, early", formula = "FOCUS") #' plot(x, d, type = "l", #' xlab = "Distance of near edge [m]", #' ylab = "Mean drift percentage over waterbody width", #' main = "One application to fruit, early") #' abline(v = 11.4, lty = 2) drift_percentages_rautmann <- function(distances, applications = 1, crop_group_RF = c("arable", "hops", "vines, late", "vines, early", "fruit, late", "fruit, early", "aerial"), formula = c("Rautmann", "FOCUS"), widths = 1 ) { cg <- match.arg(crop_group_RF) if (!applications %in% 1:8) stop("Only 1 to 8 applications are supported") formula <- match.arg(formula) parms <- pfm::drift_parameters_focus[pfm::drift_parameters_focus$crop_group == cg & pfm::drift_parameters_focus$n_apps == applications, c("A", "B", "C", "D", "hinge")] if (formula[1] == "Rautmann") { drift_percentages = with(as.list(parms), { A <- ifelse(distances < hinge, A, C) B <- ifelse(distances < hinge, B, D) A * distances^B }) } else { drift_percentages = with(as.list(parms), { z1 = distances z2 = distances + widths H = hinge ifelse(z2 < hinge, # farther edge closer than hinge distance A/(widths * (B + 1)) * (z2^(B + 1) - z1^(B + 1)), ifelse(z1 < hinge, # hinge distance in waterbody (between z1 and z2) (A/(B + 1) * (H^(B + 1) - z1^(B + 1)) + C/(D + 1) * (z2^(D + 1) - H^(D + 1)))/widths, # z1 >= hinge, i.e. near edge farther than hinge distance C/(widths * (D + 1)) * (z2^(D + 1) - z1^(D + 1)) ) ) }) } return(drift_percentages) }